Biomolecules carbohydrates monosaccharides oligosaccharides and classification - One Line Questions

1. What is a glycosidic bond? — A bond formed between the anomeric carbon of one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group of another.
2. What does the term 'triose' refer to in carbohydrate nomenclature? — A carbohydrate with three carbon atoms.
3. Glucose is an example of which type of monosaccharide? — An aldose
4. Which functional group is characteristic of ketoses? — Ketone group
5. What is the primary classification of carbohydrates based on their hydrolysis products? — Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
6. What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin? — Amylose is linear with α-1,4 linkages, amylopectin is branched with α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages.
7. Fructose is an example of which type of monosaccharide? — A ketose
8. In the Haworth projection of a cyclic monosaccharide, the oxygen atom is typically shown: — At the top left
9. What is the molecular formula of glucose? — C6H12O6
10. What is the molecular formula of fructose? — C6H12O6
11. What is the main structural component of the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods? — Chitin
12. Which polysaccharide serves as a reserve food material in animals? — Glycogen
13. What is the empirical formula for most carbohydrates? — Cx(H2O)y
14. What is the primary difference between ribose and deoxyribose? — Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom at the C-2 position.
15. Which class of carbohydrates yields only one monosaccharide unit upon complete hydrolysis? — Monosaccharides
16. The cyclic forms of monosaccharides exist as α and β anomers, which are: — Diastereomers
17. Glucose and galactose are examples of: — Epimers
18. Starch is a polymer of which monosaccharide? — Glucose
19. What is the common name for α-D-glucopyranose? — Glucose
20. Which monosaccharide is also known as fruit sugar? — Fructose
21. Which monosaccharide has the formula C5H10O5? — Ribose
22. Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar? — Sucrose
23. What is the common name for β-D-fructofuranose? — Fructose
24. Which of the following is a pentose monosaccharide? — Ribose
25. What are the constituent monosaccharides of sucrose? — Glucose and Fructose
26. What are the constituent monosaccharides of lactose? — Galactose and Glucose
27. What are the constituent monosaccharides of maltose? — Glucose and Glucose
28. What is the defining characteristic of a monosaccharide? — It cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates.
29. Which functional group is characteristic of aldoses? — Aldehyde group
30. Which disaccharide is commonly known as table sugar? — Sucrose
31. Which disaccharide is known as malt sugar? — Maltose
32. Sucrose is an example of which type of carbohydrate? — Disaccharide
33. Lactose is an example of which type of carbohydrate? — Disaccharide
34. What is the term for a carbohydrate that is a polymer of more than two monosaccharide units, but not necessarily a very large polymer? — Oligosaccharide
35. Which class of carbohydrates yields between two to ten monosaccharide units upon complete hydrolysis? — Oligosaccharides
36. Which type of carbohydrate is generally not sweet and is often insoluble in water? — Polysaccharides
37. A carbohydrate that gives a positive test with Benedict's reagent is called a: — Reducing sugar
38. All monosaccharides are: — Reducing sugars
39. Epimers are stereoisomers that differ in configuration at: — Only one chiral center
40. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in which organisms? — Animals and Fungi
41. Which of the following is a common hexose monosaccharide? — Glucose
42. Which of the following is a hexose monosaccharide? — Fructose
43. Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar found in: — DNA
44. Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide? — Sucrose
45. What is the primary structural polysaccharide in plants? — Cellulose
46. Which polysaccharide is indigestible by most animals due to its β-1,4 glycosidic linkages? — Cellulose
47. Ribose is a pentose sugar found in: — RNA and ATP
48. Which disaccharide is commonly known as milk sugar? — Lactose
49. What is the anomeric carbon in a monosaccharide? — The carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms in the cyclic form.
50. What type of linkage is typically found between glucose units in starch? — α-1,4 glycosidic linkage
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