Biomolecules carbohydrates monosaccharides oligosaccharides and classification - Question Bank

1. Which of the following is a hexose monosaccharide?
A) Ribose
B) Xylose
C) Fructose
D) Arabinose
2. Which of the following is a pentose monosaccharide?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Ribose
D) Galactose
3. What is the empirical formula for most carbohydrates?
A) Cx(H2O)y
B) CxHyOz
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnHn
4. Which polysaccharide serves as a reserve food material in animals?
A) Cellulose
B) Starch
C) Glycogen
D) Chitin
5. Which type of carbohydrate is generally not sweet and is often insoluble in water?
A) Monosaccharides
B) Disaccharides
C) Oligosaccharides
D) Polysaccharides
6. What is the term for a carbohydrate that is a polymer of more than two monosaccharide units, but not necessarily a very large polymer?
A) Monosaccharide
B) Disaccharide
C) Oligosaccharide
D) Polysaccharide
7. In the Haworth projection of a cyclic monosaccharide, the oxygen atom is typically shown:
A) At the bottom right
B) At the top right
C) At the top left
D) At the bottom left
8. What is the common name for β-D-fructofuranose?
A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Fructose
D) Lactose
9. What is the common name for α-D-glucopyranose?
A) Fructose
B) Maltose
C) Glucose
D) Cellobiose
10. Glucose and galactose are examples of:
A) Enantiomers
B) Diastereomers
C) Epimers
D) Anomers
11. Epimers are stereoisomers that differ in configuration at:
A) Only one chiral center
B) The anomeric carbon
C) Any chiral center
D) The carbon atom with the carbonyl group
12. The cyclic forms of monosaccharides exist as α and β anomers, which are:
A) Enantiomers
B) Diastereomers
C) Epimers
D) Structural isomers
13. What is the anomeric carbon in a monosaccharide?
A) The carbon atom with the aldehyde or ketone group.
B) The carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms in the cyclic form.
C) The terminal carbon atom.
D) The carbon atom furthest from the carbonyl group.
14. All monosaccharides are:
A) Non-reducing sugars
B) Reducing sugars
C) Disaccharides
D) Complex carbohydrates
15. Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Sucrose
D) Maltose
16. A carbohydrate that gives a positive test with Benedict's reagent is called a:
A) Non-reducing sugar
B) Reducing sugar
C) Polysaccharide
D) Ketose
17. What is the primary difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
A) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom at the C-2 position.
B) Ribose has one less oxygen atom at the C-2 position.
C) Deoxyribose has an aldehyde group instead of a ketone.
D) Ribose has a ketone group instead of an aldehyde.
18. Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar found in:
A) RNA
B) ATP
C) DNA
D) Cellulose
19. Ribose is a pentose sugar found in:
A) Starch
B) RNA and ATP
C) Cellulose
D) Glycogen
20. Which monosaccharide has the formula C5H10O5?
A) Glucose
B) Ribose
C) Fructose
D) Glyceraldehyde
21. What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin?
A) Amylose is branched, amylopectin is linear.
B) Amylose contains α-1,6 linkages, amylopectin contains α-1,4 linkages.
C) Amylose is linear with α-1,4 linkages, amylopectin is branched with α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages.
D) Amylose is made of fructose, amylopectin is made of glucose.
22. Which polysaccharide is indigestible by most animals due to its β-1,4 glycosidic linkages?
A) Starch
B) Glycogen
C) Cellulose
D) Amylopectin
23. What is the main structural component of the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods?
A) Cellulose
B) Starch
C) Chitin
D) Peptidoglycan
24. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in which organisms?
A) Plants
B) Animals and Fungi
C) Bacteria
D) Algae
25. Starch is a polymer of which monosaccharide?
A) Fructose
B) Galactose
C) Sucrose
D) Glucose
26. What is the primary structural polysaccharide in plants?
A) Starch
B) Glycogen
C) Cellulose
D) Chitin
27. Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide?
A) Starch
B) Cellulose
C) Sucrose
D) Glycogen
28. What type of linkage is typically found between glucose units in starch?
A) α-1,4 glycosidic linkage
B) β-1,4 glycosidic linkage
C) α-1,6 glycosidic linkage
D) β-1,6 glycosidic linkage
29. Which disaccharide is known as malt sugar?
A) Lactose
B) Sucrose
C) Maltose
D) Isomaltose
30. Which disaccharide is commonly known as table sugar?
A) Lactose
B) Maltose
C) Sucrose
D) Trehalose
31. Which disaccharide is commonly known as milk sugar?
A) Sucrose
B) Maltose
C) Lactose
D) Cellobiose
32. What are the constituent monosaccharides of maltose?
A) Glucose and Glucose
B) Glucose and Fructose
C) Galactose and Glucose
D) Fructose and Fructose
33. What are the constituent monosaccharides of lactose?
A) Glucose and Glucose
B) Glucose and Fructose
C) Galactose and Glucose
D) Fructose and Galactose
34. What are the constituent monosaccharides of sucrose?
A) Glucose and Glucose
B) Glucose and Fructose
C) Galactose and Glucose
D) Fructose and Fructose
35. Lactose is an example of which type of carbohydrate?
A) Monosaccharide
B) Disaccharide
C) Oligosaccharide
D) Polysaccharide
36. Sucrose is an example of which type of carbohydrate?
A) Monosaccharide
B) Disaccharide
C) Oligosaccharide
D) Polysaccharide
37. Which class of carbohydrates yields between two to ten monosaccharide units upon complete hydrolysis?
A) Monosaccharides
B) Disaccharides
C) Oligosaccharides
D) Polysaccharides
38. What is a glycosidic bond?
A) A bond between two amino acids.
B) A bond formed between the anomeric carbon of one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group of another.
C) A bond found in proteins.
D) A bond linking fatty acids to glycerol.
39. Which monosaccharide is also known as fruit sugar?
A) Glucose
B) Galactose
C) Fructose
D) Mannose
40. What is the molecular formula of fructose?
A) C5H10O5
B) C6H12O6
C) C12H22O11
D) C6H12O5
41. What is the molecular formula of glucose?
A) C5H10O5
B) C6H12O6
C) C12H22O11
D) C6H10O5
42. Which of the following is a common hexose monosaccharide?
A) Ribose
B) Erythrose
C) Glucose
D) Glyceraldehyde
43. What does the term 'triose' refer to in carbohydrate nomenclature?
A) A carbohydrate with three hydroxyl groups.
B) A carbohydrate with three carbon atoms.
C) A carbohydrate with three glycosidic linkages.
D) A carbohydrate with three ketose units.
44. Fructose is an example of which type of monosaccharide?
A) An aldose
B) A ketose
C) A disaccharide
D) An amino sugar
45. Glucose is an example of which type of monosaccharide?
A) A ketose
B) An aldose
C) A disaccharide
D) A polysaccharide
46. Which functional group is characteristic of ketoses?
A) Aldehyde group
B) Hydroxyl group
C) Ketone group
D) Amine group
47. Which functional group is characteristic of aldoses?
A) Ketone group
B) Aldehyde group
C) Hydroxyl group
D) Carboxyl group
48. What is the defining characteristic of a monosaccharide?
A) It contains more than two glycosidic bonds.
B) It cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates.
C) It yields two to ten monosaccharide units upon hydrolysis.
D) It is composed solely of amino acids.
49. Which class of carbohydrates yields only one monosaccharide unit upon complete hydrolysis?
A) Disaccharides
B) Oligosaccharides
C) Polysaccharides
D) Monosaccharides
50. What is the primary classification of carbohydrates based on their hydrolysis products?
A) Aldoses and Ketoses
B) Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
C) Reducing and Non-reducing Sugars
D) Linear and Cyclic Forms
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