Body fluids and circulation - heart structure cardiac cycle ECG blood vessels lymph - One Line Questions

1. The average heart rate for a resting adult is typically: — 60-100 beats per minute
2. The sinoatrial (SA) node generates electrical impulses at a rate of approximately: — 70-80 impulses per minute
3. Which artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? — Pulmonary artery
4. The first heart sound ('lub') is produced by the closure of: — Mitral and Tricuspid valves
5. The smallest blood vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occurs are called: — Capillaries
6. Which blood vessel carries blood towards the heart? — Vein
7. The atrioventricular (AV) node is located at the junction of the: — Atria and ventricles
8. The QRS complex on an ECG primarily indicates: — Ventricular contraction
9. What does the T wave on an ECG signify? — Ventricular repolarization
10. The closure of the aortic valve occurs at the beginning of: — Ventricular diastole
11. The closure of the mitral valve occurs at the beginning of: — Ventricular systole
12. Lymph is derived from: — Interstitial fluid
13. The volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle during each cardiac cycle is known as: — Stroke volume
14. The main function of lymph is to: — Drain excess interstitial fluid and return it to the blood
15. Which part of the heart wall is the thickest and most muscular? — Myocardium
16. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in: — Immunity and fluid balance
17. Veins have valves to: — Prevent backflow of blood
18. Purkinje fibers are specialized cells that: — Conduct electrical impulses rapidly throughout the ventricular myocardium
19. The epicardium is also known as the: — Outer layer of the heart wall
20. Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from: — The spaces between cells (interstitial spaces)
21. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body? — Right atrium
22. The pulmonary circulation involves the flow of blood from the: — Right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium
23. Which of the following is NOT a component of the lymphatic system? — Red blood cells
24. The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called: — Pulse pressure
25. The second heart sound ('dub') is caused by the closure of: — Aortic and Pulmonary valves
26. The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the: — Tricuspid valve
27. The walls of arteries are generally thicker and more muscular than veins because they: — Need to withstand higher blood pressure
28. The sinoatrial (SA) node is often called the: — Pacemaker of the heart
29. Which of the following factors can increase heart rate? — Sympathetic stimulation
30. Lymph nodes are important for: — Filtering lymph and housing immune cells
31. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the heart via the: — Pulmonary veins
32. The largest artery in the human body is the: — Aorta
33. The primary artery originating from the left ventricle is the: — Aorta
34. Which vein collects deoxygenated blood from the lower body and empties it into the right atrium? — Inferior vena cava
35. The atrioventricular (AV) node delays the impulse by about 0.1 seconds to ensure: — Complete emptying of the atria into the ventricles
36. The Q wave in an ECG represents: — Depolarization of the ventricles
37. The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the wall of the: — Right atrium
38. The systemic circulation involves the flow of blood from the: — Left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium
39. What is the sequence of electrical conduction through the heart? — SA node -> AV node -> Bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers
40. The amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute is called: — Cardiac output
41. The period of relaxation of the heart chambers is known as: — Diastole
42. The endocardium is continuous with the lining of: — The large blood vessels connected to the heart
43. The ST segment on an ECG represents: — The period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization
44. Which of the following is a characteristic of capillaries? — Permeable walls for exchange
45. What is the primary function of the heart in the circulatory system? — To pump blood throughout the body
46. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? — Mechanical support for organs
47. The lymphatic system is responsible for: — Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
48. During ventricular systole, which valves are closed? — Tricuspid and Mitral valves
49. The valve that prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium is the: — Mitral valve (Bicuspid valve)
50. The Bundle of His is part of the: — Electrical conduction system of the heart
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