NEET UG - Body fluids and circulation - heart structure cardiac cycle ECG blood vessels lymph Question Bank with Options

1. The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called:

A) Mean arterial pressure

B) Pulse pressure

C) Vascular resistance

D) Cardiac output

2. The atrioventricular (AV) node delays the impulse by about 0.1 seconds to ensure:

A) Rapid contraction of the ventricles

B) Complete emptying of the atria into the ventricles

C) Efficient pumping of blood into the aorta

D) Simultaneous contraction of both atria and ventricles

3. The sinoatrial (SA) node generates electrical impulses at a rate of approximately:

A) 40-60 impulses per minute

B) 70-80 impulses per minute

C) 100-120 impulses per minute

D) 150-180 impulses per minute

4. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

A) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

B) Regulation of body temperature

C) Production of antibodies

D) Mechanical support for organs

5. The average heart rate for a resting adult is typically:

A) 40-60 beats per minute

B) 60-100 beats per minute

C) 100-120 beats per minute

D) 120-150 beats per minute

6. The closure of the mitral valve occurs at the beginning of:

A) Atrial systole

B) Ventricular systole

C) Ventricular diastole

D) Atrial diastole

7. The closure of the aortic valve occurs at the beginning of:

A) Atrial systole

B) Ventricular diastole

C) Ventricular systole

D) Atrial diastole

8. Purkinje fibers are specialized cells that:

A) Initiate the heartbeat

B) Conduct electrical impulses rapidly throughout the ventricular myocardium

C) Regulate blood pressure in arteries

D) Filter waste from blood in the kidneys

9. The Bundle of His is part of the:

A) Valvular system of the heart

B) Electrical conduction system of the heart

C) Muscular wall of the ventricles

D) Outer protective layer of the heart

10. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in:

A) Gas exchange in the lungs

B) Digestion of fats

C) Immunity and fluid balance

D) Hormone transport

11. The main function of lymph is to:

A) Carry oxygen to cells

B) Transport nutrients absorbed from the digestive system

C) Drain excess interstitial fluid and return it to the blood

D) Clot blood

12. Which of the following is a characteristic of capillaries?

A) Thick, muscular walls

B) Valves present

C) Permeable walls for exchange

D) Carry blood away from the heart

13. The systemic circulation involves the flow of blood from the:

A) Right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium

B) Left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium

C) Left atrium to the body and back to the right ventricle

D) Right atrium to the lungs and back to the left ventricle

14. The pulmonary circulation involves the flow of blood from the:

A) Left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium

B) Right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium

C) Left atrium to the lungs and back to the right ventricle

D) Right atrium to the body and back to the left ventricle

15. The endocardium is continuous with the lining of:

A) The pericardial sac

B) The large blood vessels connected to the heart

C) The diaphragm

D) The lungs

16. The epicardium is also known as the:

A) Inner lining of the heart chambers

B) Muscular layer of the heart wall

C) Outer layer of the heart wall

D) Thickest layer of the heart wall

17. Which of the following factors can increase heart rate?

A) Parasympathetic stimulation

B) Vagal stimulation

C) Sympathetic stimulation

D) Increased blood volume

18. The volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle during each cardiac cycle is known as:

A) Cardiac output

B) Heart rate

C) Stroke volume

D) Ejection fraction

19. The amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in one minute is called:

A) Stroke volume

B) Cardiac output

C) Ejection fraction

D) Heart rate

20. The ST segment on an ECG represents:

A) The period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization

B) Atrial repolarization

C) Ventricular repolarization

D) Atrial depolarization

21. The Q wave in an ECG represents:

A) Repolarization of the atria

B) Depolarization of the ventricles

C) Repolarization of the ventricles

D) Depolarization of the atria

22. During atrial systole, the:

A) Ventricles contract

B) Atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles

C) Ventricles relax

D) Atria relax

23. The atrioventricular (AV) node is located at the junction of the:

A) Atria and ventricles

B) Ventricles and aorta

C) Atria and pulmonary artery

D) Ventricles and vena cava

24. The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the wall of the:

A) Right ventricle

B) Left atrium

C) Right atrium

D) Left ventricle

25. The valve that prevents the backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium is the:

A) Tricuspid valve

B) Pulmonary valve

C) Mitral valve (Bicuspid valve)

D) Aortic valve

26. The primary artery originating from the left ventricle is the:

A) Pulmonary artery

B) Aorta

C) Superior vena cava

D) Inferior vena cava

27. Lymph nodes are important for:

A) Producing red blood cells

B) Filtering lymph and housing immune cells

C) Transporting oxygen

D) Pumping lymph

28. Which of the following is NOT a component of the lymphatic system?

A) Lymph nodes

B) Lymphatic vessels

C) Lymph

D) Red blood cells

29. Lymphatic vessels collect excess fluid from:

A) Inside blood vessels

B) The spaces between cells (interstitial spaces)

C) The lumen of arteries

D) The chambers of the heart

30. Lymph is derived from:

A) Blood plasma

B) Interstitial fluid

C) Cerebrospinal fluid

D) Synovial fluid

31. The lymphatic system is responsible for:

A) Transporting oxygen to tissues

B) Removing waste products from blood

C) Returning excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

D) Pumping blood throughout the body

32. Veins have valves to:

A) Increase blood flow velocity

B) Prevent backflow of blood

C) Regulate blood pressure

D) Oxygenate the blood

33. The walls of arteries are generally thicker and more muscular than veins because they:

A) Need to carry deoxygenated blood

B) Need to withstand higher blood pressure

C) Need to prevent backflow of blood

D) Need to facilitate gas exchange

34. Which vein collects deoxygenated blood from the lower body and empties it into the right atrium?

A) Pulmonary vein

B) Superior vena cava

C) Inferior vena cava

D) Hepatic vein

35. The largest artery in the human body is the:

A) Pulmonary artery

B) Femoral artery

C) Aorta

D) Brachial artery

36. Which artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A) Aorta

B) Pulmonary artery

C) Coronary artery

D) Carotid artery

37. The smallest blood vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occurs are called:

A) Arterioles

B) Venules

C) Capillaries

D) Veins

38. Which blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?

A) Artery

B) Arteriole

C) Vein

D) Capillary

39. Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

A) Vein

B) Capillary

C) Artery

D) Venule

40. The second heart sound ('dub') is caused by the closure of:

A) Mitral and Tricuspid valves

B) Aortic and Pulmonary valves

C) Aortic and Tricuspid valves

D) Mitral and Pulmonary valves

41. The first heart sound ('lub') is produced by the closure of:

A) Aortic and Pulmonary valves

B) Mitral and Tricuspid valves

C) Aortic and Mitral valves

D) Pulmonary and Tricuspid valves

42. During ventricular systole, which valves are closed?

A) Tricuspid and Mitral valves

B) Aortic and Pulmonary valves

C) Tricuspid and Pulmonary valves

D) Mitral and Aortic valves

43. The period of relaxation of the heart chambers is known as:

A) Systole

B) Diastole

C) Ejection

D) Contraction

44. What does the T wave on an ECG signify?

A) Atrial depolarization

B) Ventricular depolarization

C) Atrial repolarization

D) Ventricular repolarization

45. The QRS complex on an ECG primarily indicates:

A) Atrial contraction

B) Ventricular contraction

C) Atrial relaxation

D) Ventricular relaxation

46. The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents:

A) Ventricular depolarization

B) Atrial depolarization

C) Ventricular repolarization

D) Atrial repolarization

47. What is the sequence of electrical conduction through the heart?

A) SA node -> AV node -> Bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers

B) AV node -> SA node -> Purkinje fibers -> Bundle of His

C) SA node -> Bundle of His -> AV node -> Purkinje fibers

D) AV node -> Purkinje fibers -> SA node -> Bundle of His

48. The sinoatrial (SA) node is often called the:

A) Pacemaker of the heart

B) Atrioventricular (AV) node

C) Bundle of His

D) Purkinje fibers

49. Which part of the heart wall is the thickest and most muscular?

A) Epicardium

B) Myocardium

C) Endocardium

D) Pericardium

50. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the heart via the:

A) Pulmonary artery

B) Aorta

C) Pulmonary veins

D) Vena cava

Body fluids and circulation - heart structure cardiac cycle ECG blood vessels lymph - Question Bank