Cell cycle and cell division-mitosis meiosis significance - One Line Questions

1. A cell undergoing meiosis produces gametes. If a diploid organism has 2n chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete have? — n
2. A cell with 2n=16 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell? — 16
3. A cell with 2n=16 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will be present in each resulting gamete? — 8
4. The term 'bivalent' or 'tetrad' refers to: — Two homologous chromosomes paired up during Prophase I of meiosis
5. Which of the following is a consequence of uncontrolled mitosis? — Cancer
6. A Barr body in mammalian females is an example of: — An inactivated X chromosome
7. In Meiosis II, sister chromatids separate during: — Anaphase II
8. The separation of sister chromatids occurs in: — Anaphase of Mitosis and Anaphase II of Meiosis
9. Cytokinesis in plant cells typically involves: — Formation of a cell plate
10. Consider a diploid organism with 2n chromosomes. After meiosis I, each daughter cell will be: — Haploid with replicated chromosomes
11. The spindle checkpoint (or M checkpoint) ensures that: — All chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle microtubules
12. The formation of chiasmata is a visible manifestation of: — Crossing over
13. Meiosis I is also known as: — Reductional division
14. Cytokinesis in animal cells involves: — Cleavage furrow formation
15. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in: — Two genetically identical daughter cells
16. Which checkpoint ensures that DNA replication is complete and DNA is not damaged before the cell enters M phase? — G2 checkpoint
17. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication? — S phase
18. The period of cell growth and synthesis of proteins and organelles occurs during which phase? — G1 phase
19. Which phase follows DNA replication and precedes mitosis? — G2 phase
20. The significance of mitosis lies in: — Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
21. During Metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate as: — Bivalents (pairs of homologous chromosomes)
22. Which phase of meiosis I is characterized by the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and the formation of the spindle apparatus? — Diakinesis
23. The ability of certain cells, like liver cells, to divide when stimulated is due to their presence in which phase? — G0 phase
24. Which phase of the cell cycle is the longest? — Interphase
25. Which type of cell division is responsible for the increase in the number of cells during embryonic development? — Mitosis
26. Meiosis II is similar to: — Mitosis
27. The process of programmed cell death is known as: — Apoptosis
28. What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of outcome? — Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells, meiosis produces genetically different haploid cells.
29. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mitosis? — Chromosome number is halved in daughter cells
30. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes decondense, and nuclear envelopes reform? — Telophase
31. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense and become visible? — Prophase
32. The alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plate occurs during which stage of mitosis? — Metaphase
33. Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell during: — Anaphase
34. The formation of new nuclear envelopes around the separated chromosomes marks the beginning of which phase? — Telophase
35. The pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis) occurs during which phase of meiosis? — Prophase I
36. The interphase stage of the cell cycle includes: — G1, S, and G2 phases
37. Which of the following is the correct order of stages in mitosis? — Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
38. The G0 phase of the cell cycle is characterized by: — Cells exiting the cycle and entering a quiescent state
39. The significance of meiosis lies in: — Maintaining chromosome number across generations and introducing genetic variation
40. Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in: — Germ cells
41. What is the term for the process where homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis? — Nondisjunction
42. In the context of cell division, 'ploidy' refers to: — The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
43. Which statement best describes the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle? — They regulate the progression through different phases of the cell cycle.
44. The cell cycle is regulated by a complex network of signals and checkpoints. What is the primary role of these checkpoints? — To ensure that each stage of the cell cycle is completed accurately before proceeding to the next
45. What is the significance of the reduction of chromosome number during meiosis? — To maintain the diploid number of chromosomes in the offspring after fertilization
46. What is the primary purpose of the cell cycle? — To regulate cell growth and division for organismal development and repair
47. During Anaphase of mitosis, the centromeres split, and sister chromatids separate, becoming individual chromosomes. — True
48. Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles during Anaphase I. Sister chromatids remain attached at this stage. — True
49. Meiosis results in the formation of: — Four haploid daughter cells
50. Crossing over, an exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids, occurs during: — Pachytene
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