Cell cycle and cell division-mitosis meiosis significance - Question Bank

1. Consider a diploid organism with 2n chromosomes. After meiosis I, each daughter cell will be:
A) Diploid with replicated chromosomes
B) Haploid with replicated chromosomes
C) Diploid with unreplicated chromosomes
D) Haploid with unreplicated chromosomes
2. The cell cycle is regulated by a complex network of signals and checkpoints. What is the primary role of these checkpoints?
A) To accelerate cell division
B) To ensure that each stage of the cell cycle is completed accurately before proceeding to the next
C) To initiate programmed cell death
D) To increase the genetic variation among daughter cells
3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mitosis?
A) Produces two daughter cells
B) Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell
C) Chromosome number is halved in daughter cells
D) Involves one round of division
4. What is the significance of the reduction of chromosome number during meiosis?
A) To ensure genetic diversity
B) To maintain the diploid number of chromosomes in the offspring after fertilization
C) To increase the rate of cell division
D) To facilitate asexual reproduction
5. The separation of sister chromatids occurs in:
A) Anaphase of Mitosis and Anaphase II of Meiosis
B) Anaphase I of Meiosis only
C) Metaphase of Mitosis and Metaphase II of Meiosis
D) Anaphase of Mitosis only
6. Which phase of the cell cycle is the longest?
A) M phase
B) G1 phase
C) S phase
D) Interphase
7. The term 'bivalent' or 'tetrad' refers to:
A) A single chromosome after replication
B) Two homologous chromosomes paired up during Prophase I of meiosis
C) Four sister chromatids
D) A pair of sister chromatids
8. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes decondense, and nuclear envelopes reform?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
9. Which statement best describes the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle?
A) They are involved in DNA replication only.
B) They regulate the progression through different phases of the cell cycle.
C) They are responsible for cytokinesis.
D) They are structural components of chromosomes.
10. The process of programmed cell death is known as:
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Apoptosis
D) Cytokinesis
11. A cell with 2n=16 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will be present in each resulting gamete?
A) 8
B) 16
C) 32
D) 4
12. A cell with 2n=16 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell?
A) 8
B) 16
C) 32
D) 4
13. The formation of chiasmata is a visible manifestation of:
A) DNA replication
B) Chromosome condensation
C) Crossing over
D) Centromere division
14. Which phase of meiosis I is characterized by the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and the formation of the spindle apparatus?
A) Leptotene
B) Zygotene
C) Pachytene
D) Diakinesis
15. In the context of cell division, 'ploidy' refers to:
A) The number of chromosomes in a cell
B) The number of chromatids per chromosome
C) The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
D) The length of the cell cycle
16. What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of outcome?
A) Mitosis produces haploid cells, meiosis produces diploid cells.
B) Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells, meiosis produces genetically different haploid cells.
C) Mitosis produces genetically different diploid cells, meiosis produces genetically identical haploid cells.
D) Mitosis produces haploid cells, meiosis produces diploid cells.
17. The interphase stage of the cell cycle includes:
A) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase
B) G1, S, and G2 phases
C) Telophase and Cytokinesis
D) Only G1 phase
18. During Anaphase of mitosis, the centromeres split, and sister chromatids separate, becoming individual chromosomes.
A) True
B) False
C) Only in plant cells
D) Only in animal cells
19. The ability of certain cells, like liver cells, to divide when stimulated is due to their presence in which phase?
A) M phase
B) S phase
C) G0 phase
D) G2 phase
20. Which type of cell division is responsible for the increase in the number of cells during embryonic development?
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
21. A Barr body in mammalian females is an example of:
A) An activated X chromosome
B) An inactivated X chromosome
C) A Y chromosome
D) A duplicated autosome
22. What is the term for the process where homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis?
A) Synapsis
B) Crossing over
C) Nondisjunction
D) Chiasmata formation
23. A cell undergoing meiosis produces gametes. If a diploid organism has 2n chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete have?
A) 4n
B) 2n
C) n
D) n/2
24. The spindle checkpoint (or M checkpoint) ensures that:
A) DNA is replicated correctly
B) All chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle microtubules
C) Cell size is adequate
D) Growth factors are present
25. Which checkpoint ensures that DNA replication is complete and DNA is not damaged before the cell enters M phase?
A) G1 checkpoint
B) G2 checkpoint
C) Spindle checkpoint
D) M checkpoint
26. The G0 phase of the cell cycle is characterized by:
A) Rapid cell division
B) DNA replication
C) Cells exiting the cycle and entering a quiescent state
D) Chromosome condensation
27. Which of the following is a consequence of uncontrolled mitosis?
A) Aging
B) Cancer
C) Apoptosis
D) Senescence
28. The significance of meiosis lies in:
A) Replacing damaged somatic cells
B) Maintaining chromosome number across generations and introducing genetic variation
C) Uniform growth of an organism
D) Asexual reproduction
29. The significance of mitosis lies in:
A) Genetic variation
B) Production of gametes
C) Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
D) Reduction of chromosome number
30. In Meiosis II, sister chromatids separate during:
A) Anaphase I
B) Telophase I
C) Anaphase II
D) Telophase II
31. Meiosis II is similar to:
A) Meiosis I
B) Mitosis
C) Interphase
D) G1 phase
32. Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles during Anaphase I. Sister chromatids remain attached at this stage.
A) True
B) False
C) Partially True
D) Depends on the organism
33. During Metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate as:
A) Individual chromosomes
B) Bivalents (pairs of homologous chromosomes)
C) Sister chromatids
D) Tetrads
34. Crossing over, an exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids, occurs during:
A) Zygotene
B) Pachytene
C) Diplotene
D) Diakinesis
35. The pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis) occurs during which phase of meiosis?
A) Prophase I
B) Metaphase I
C) Anaphase I
D) Telophase I
36. Meiosis I is also known as:
A) Equational division
B) Reductional division
C) Mitotic division
D) Amitosis
37. Meiosis results in the formation of:
A) Two diploid daughter cells
B) Four haploid daughter cells
C) Two haploid daughter cells
D) Four diploid daughter cells
38. Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in:
A) Somatic cells
B) Germ cells
C) All body cells
D) Nerve cells
39. Cytokinesis in plant cells typically involves:
A) Cleavage furrow formation
B) Formation of a cell plate
C) Centriole duplication
D) Synapsis of homologous chromosomes
40. Cytokinesis in animal cells involves:
A) Formation of a cell plate
B) Cleavage furrow formation
C) Fusion of daughter nuclei
D) Decondensation of chromosomes
41. The formation of new nuclear envelopes around the separated chromosomes marks the beginning of which phase?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
42. Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell during:
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
43. The alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plate occurs during which stage of mitosis?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
44. During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense and become visible?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
45. Which of the following is the correct order of stages in mitosis?
A) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
B) Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase
C) Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
D) Anaphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase
46. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in:
A) Four genetically identical daughter cells
B) Two genetically identical daughter cells
C) Four genetically different daughter cells
D) Two genetically different daughter cells
47. Which phase follows DNA replication and precedes mitosis?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) Interkinesis
48. The period of cell growth and synthesis of proteins and organelles occurs during which phase?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
49. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
50. What is the primary purpose of the cell cycle?
A) To produce gametes for sexual reproduction
B) To regulate cell growth and division for organismal development and repair
C) To increase the size of individual cells
D) To eliminate damaged or old cells
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