Cell organelles structure and function-nucleus mitochondria chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus lysosome ribosome - One Line Questions

1. The structure of a ribosome includes: — Two subunits made of rRNA and protein
2. Chloroplasts are unique to: — Plant cells and some protists
3. The process by which lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to digest their contents is called: — Phagolysosome formation
4. The thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts are the site of which set of reactions in photosynthesis? — Light-dependent reactions
5. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration? — Mitochondrion
6. Which component of the nucleus contains the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs? — Nucleolus
7. What are the two main components of the endoplasmic reticulum? — Rough ER and smooth ER
8. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded into structures called: — Cristae
9. The inner membrane of the nucleus is supported by a network of protein filaments called the: — Nuclear lamina
10. Ribosomes are composed of: — RNA and proteins
11. The genetic material of eukaryotic cells is primarily located within which organelle? — Nucleus
12. The 'trans' face of the Golgi apparatus is typically oriented towards the: — Plasma membrane
13. Mitochondria possess their own circular DNA and ribosomes, suggesting their origin through: — Endosymbiosis
14. The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in: — Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids
15. The matrix of the mitochondrion contains enzymes for which crucial metabolic pathway? — Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
16. The network of interconnected membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis is known as the: — Endoplasmic reticulum
17. Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of old or damaged organelles and cellular debris? — Lysosome
18. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins? — Ribosome
19. In plant cells, the large central vacuole plays a role in maintaining turgor pressure and storing water, which is related to the function of which other organelle? — Lysosome
20. Which organelle is crucial for the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances like hydrogen peroxide? — Peroxisome
21. The function of the nucleolus is primarily to synthesize: — Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
22. Lysosomes are formed from: — Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
23. The site of oxidative phosphorylation, generating the majority of ATP in aerobic respiration, is the: — Inner mitochondrial membrane
24. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is involved in intracellular digestion? — Lysosome
25. The nuclear pores are responsible for regulating the passage of molecules between the nucleus and the: — Cytoplasm
26. Which organelle is often referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to its role in ATP production? — Mitochondrion
27. The Golgi apparatus receives vesicles containing proteins and lipids from the: — Endoplasmic reticulum
28. Which organelle is involved in the formation of vesicles that transport materials within the cell? — Golgi apparatus
29. What is the term for the small, granular structures responsible for protein synthesis, found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER? — Ribosomes
30. Mitochondria are found in: — Eukaryotic cells
31. The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the: — Nuclear envelope
32. The outer membrane of the nucleus is continuous with the: — Endoplasmic reticulum
33. The 'cis' face of the Golgi apparatus is typically oriented towards the: — Endoplasmic reticulum
34. What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells? — Photosynthesis
35. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of: — Lipids and steroids
36. The chromosomes within the nucleus are composed of: — DNA and proteins
37. Which organelle is responsible for detoxification of drugs and poisons in liver cells? — Smooth ER
38. Which organelle plays a key role in the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol? — Smooth ER
39. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones? — Smooth ER
40. Which organelle's membrane contains enzymes for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification? — Smooth ER
41. Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis and modification? — Rough ER
42. Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus? — Synthesizing ATP
43. The stacks of flattened sacs within chloroplasts where light-dependent reactions occur are called: — Grana
44. The process of breaking down substances using enzymes within a lysosome is called: — Digestion
45. The primary function of the nuclear envelope is to: — Separate the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm
46. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of ribosomes? — They are composed of rRNA and protein.
47. The fluid-filled space within a chloroplast, surrounding the grana, is known as the: — Stroma
48. Which organelle contains the enzymes necessary for the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) of photosynthesis? — Stroma
49. In chloroplasts, the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the: — Stroma
50. The process of protein synthesis on ribosomes is called: — Translation
All One Line Questions
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