Cell organelles structure and function-nucleus mitochondria chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus lysosome ribosome - Question Bank
1. The process of breaking down substances using enzymes within a lysosome is called:
2. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP during cellular respiration?
3. The structure of a ribosome includes:
4. Which organelle's membrane contains enzymes for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification?
5. In chloroplasts, the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the:
6. The primary function of the nuclear envelope is to:
7. Which organelle is involved in the formation of vesicles that transport materials within the cell?
8. What are the two main components of the endoplasmic reticulum?
9. The 'trans' face of the Golgi apparatus is typically oriented towards the:
10. The chromosomes within the nucleus are composed of:
11. Which organelle is crucial for the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances like hydrogen peroxide?
12. The site of oxidative phosphorylation, generating the majority of ATP in aerobic respiration, is the:
13. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of ribosomes?
14. The 'cis' face of the Golgi apparatus is typically oriented towards the:
15. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
16. The inner membrane of the nucleus is supported by a network of protein filaments called the:
17. Which organelle contains the enzymes necessary for the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) of photosynthesis?
18. The function of the nucleolus is primarily to synthesize:
19. The process by which lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to digest their contents is called:
20. Which organelle plays a key role in the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol?
21. Mitochondria are found in:
22. Chloroplasts are unique to:
23. The outer membrane of the nucleus is continuous with the:
24. What is the term for the small, granular structures responsible for protein synthesis, found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER?
25. The Golgi apparatus receives vesicles containing proteins and lipids from the:
26. Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?
27. The thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts are the site of which set of reactions in photosynthesis?
28. The matrix of the mitochondrion contains enzymes for which crucial metabolic pathway?
29. Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of old or damaged organelles and cellular debris?
30. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of:
31. Which component of the nucleus contains the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs?
32. The process of protein synthesis on ribosomes is called:
33. In plant cells, the large central vacuole plays a role in maintaining turgor pressure and storing water, which is related to the function of which other organelle?
34. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded into structures called:
35. Lysosomes are formed from:
36. Which organelle is responsible for detoxification of drugs and poisons in liver cells?
37. The nuclear pores are responsible for regulating the passage of molecules between the nucleus and the:
38. Mitochondria possess their own circular DNA and ribosomes, suggesting their origin through:
39. The fluid-filled space within a chloroplast, surrounding the grana, is known as the:
40. Ribosomes are composed of:
41. The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in:
42. Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis and modification?
43. The stacks of flattened sacs within chloroplasts where light-dependent reactions occur are called:
44. The genetic material of eukaryotic cells is primarily located within which organelle?
45. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is involved in intracellular digestion?
46. The network of interconnected membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis is known as the:
47. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
48. What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
49. The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the:
50. Which organelle is often referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell due to its role in ATP production?