Digestion and absorption - human alimentary canal and digestive glands - One Line Questions

1. The final stage of digestion involves the elimination of indigestible food material through the anus, a process called: — Egestion
2. The stomach is a J-shaped organ located in the upper part of the abdomen, primarily responsible for: — Storage and initial digestion of food
3. The final products of carbohydrate digestion are: — Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose)
4. The alimentary canal begins with the anterior opening, the: — Mouth
5. Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the gall bladder to contract and release bile, and also stimulates the pancreas to release: — Enzyme-rich pancreatic juice
6. Pepsinogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, is converted to its active form, pepsin, by: — Hydrochloric acid
7. The semi-digested food mixture that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine is called: — Chyme
8. Bile plays a crucial role in fat digestion by: — Emulsifying fats into smaller droplets
9. The rectum is the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the: — Anus
10. The absorption of digested fats, mainly in the form of fatty acids and glycerol, involves their re-esterification into triglycerides within the intestinal cells and packaging into lipoprotein particles called: — Chylomicrons
11. Which of the following is the primary function of the human alimentary canal? — Digestion and absorption of food
12. The primary role of the caecum in humans is: — Fermentation of indigestible material
13. The oesophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the: — Stomach
14. Which part of the small intestine is mainly responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts? — Ileum
15. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach serves multiple functions, including: — Activating pepsinogen and killing microbes
16. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes like amylase, lipase, and proteases (e.g., trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen). Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin by an enzyme secreted by the intestinal mucosa called: — Enterokinase
17. The hormone secretin primarily stimulates the pancreas to release: — Bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice
18. Water-soluble vitamins (B complex and C) are absorbed by: — Facilitated diffusion or active transport
19. The flap of cartilage that prevents the entry of food into the trachea during swallowing is called the: — Epiglottis
20. Salivary amylase, also known as ptyalin, breaks down starch into: — Maltose
21. Fats are digested by lipases into: — Fatty acids and glycerol
22. The enzyme lactase, found in the intestinal juice, breaks down lactose into: — Glucose and galactose
23. The small intestine is the principal site for the completion of digestion and the primary site for the absorption of nutrients. It is divided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and: — Ileum
24. The innermost lining of the stomach contains folds called rugae, which: — Allow the stomach to expand
25. The process of breaking down complex food substances into simpler, absorbable forms is called: — Digestion
26. The process of breaking down food into absorbable units is called digestion, while the process of moving these units from the lumen of the intestine into the blood or lymph is called: — Absorption
27. The pancreas is a gland that secretes both exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (hormones) substances. Its exocrine function involves secreting: — Pancreatic juice containing various enzymes
28. The first part of the small intestine, which receives chyme from the stomach and bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, is the: — Duodenum
29. The muscular walls of the pharynx play a role in: — Swallowing (deglutition)
30. The final products of protein digestion are: — Amino acids
31. The large intestine primarily absorbs: — Water and electrolytes
32. Which of the following digestive glands is the largest gland in the body? — Liver
33. The liver produces bile, which is stored and concentrated in the: — Gall bladder
34. The enzyme present in saliva that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates is: — Amylase
35. The intestinal juice, also known as succus entericus, is secreted by the glands in the intestinal wall and contains enzymes that complete the digestion of: — Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
36. The structure that controls the opening of the stomach into the duodenum is the: — Pyloric sphincter
37. The muscular sphincter that regulates the exit of feces from the body is the: — Both internal and external anal sphincters
38. The inner lining of the small intestine is characterized by numerous finger-like projections called villi and microvilli, which: — Greatly increase the surface area for absorption
39. Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice from the stomach wall? — Gastrin
40. The movement of food through the oesophagus and other parts of the alimentary canal is facilitated by wave-like muscular contractions known as: — Peristalsis
41. Each villus in the small intestine contains a network of capillaries and a large lymphatic vessel called a: — Lacteal
42. The main function of mastication (chewing) in the mouth is to: — Increase the surface area for enzyme action
43. Absorption of simple sugars and amino acids primarily occurs in the: — Duodenum and jejunum
44. The vermiform appendix is a small, finger-like outgrowth attached to the: — Caecum
45. The absorption of certain electrolytes and minerals, like iron and calcium, is an active process occurring mainly in the: — Duodenum and jejunum
46. The liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein. The hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in absorbed nutrients from the: — Small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and spleen
47. Saliva is secreted by three pairs of salivary glands. Which of these is located just in front of the ear? — Parotid gland
48. The tongue is a muscular organ that helps in: — Mixing food with saliva and swallowing
49. Gastric juice is secreted by glands in the stomach wall. The main enzyme responsible for protein digestion in the stomach is: — Pepsin
50. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are absorbed along with: — Fats
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