Digestion and absorption - human alimentary canal and digestive glands - Question Bank
1. The liver receives blood from the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein. The hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in absorbed nutrients from the:
2. The absorption of certain electrolytes and minerals, like iron and calcium, is an active process occurring mainly in the:
3. The enzyme lactase, found in the intestinal juice, breaks down lactose into:
4. Which part of the small intestine is mainly responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts?
5. The process of breaking down food into absorbable units is called digestion, while the process of moving these units from the lumen of the intestine into the blood or lymph is called:
6. The muscular sphincter that regulates the exit of feces from the body is the:
7. The rectum is the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the:
8. The primary role of the caecum in humans is:
9. The vermiform appendix is a small, finger-like outgrowth attached to the:
10. Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the gall bladder to contract and release bile, and also stimulates the pancreas to release:
11. The hormone secretin primarily stimulates the pancreas to release:
12. Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice from the stomach wall?
13. The structure that controls the opening of the stomach into the duodenum is the:
14. The final stage of digestion involves the elimination of indigestible food material through the anus, a process called:
15. The large intestine primarily absorbs:
16. Water-soluble vitamins (B complex and C) are absorbed by:
17. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are absorbed along with:
18. The absorption of digested fats, mainly in the form of fatty acids and glycerol, involves their re-esterification into triglycerides within the intestinal cells and packaging into lipoprotein particles called:
19. Absorption of simple sugars and amino acids primarily occurs in the:
20. Fats are digested by lipases into:
21. The final products of protein digestion are:
22. The final products of carbohydrate digestion are:
23. The intestinal juice, also known as succus entericus, is secreted by the glands in the intestinal wall and contains enzymes that complete the digestion of:
24. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes like amylase, lipase, and proteases (e.g., trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen). Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin by an enzyme secreted by the intestinal mucosa called:
25. The pancreas is a gland that secretes both exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (hormones) substances. Its exocrine function involves secreting:
26. Bile plays a crucial role in fat digestion by:
27. The liver produces bile, which is stored and concentrated in the:
28. Which of the following digestive glands is the largest gland in the body?
29. Each villus in the small intestine contains a network of capillaries and a large lymphatic vessel called a:
30. The inner lining of the small intestine is characterized by numerous finger-like projections called villi and microvilli, which:
31. The first part of the small intestine, which receives chyme from the stomach and bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, is the:
32. The small intestine is the principal site for the completion of digestion and the primary site for the absorption of nutrients. It is divided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and:
33. The semi-digested food mixture that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine is called:
34. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach serves multiple functions, including:
35. Pepsinogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, is converted to its active form, pepsin, by:
36. Gastric juice is secreted by glands in the stomach wall. The main enzyme responsible for protein digestion in the stomach is:
37. The innermost lining of the stomach contains folds called rugae, which:
38. The stomach is a J-shaped organ located in the upper part of the abdomen, primarily responsible for:
39. The movement of food through the oesophagus and other parts of the alimentary canal is facilitated by wave-like muscular contractions known as:
40. The oesophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the:
41. The flap of cartilage that prevents the entry of food into the trachea during swallowing is called the:
42. The muscular walls of the pharynx play a role in:
43. The tongue is a muscular organ that helps in:
44. Salivary amylase, also known as ptyalin, breaks down starch into:
45. The enzyme present in saliva that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates is:
46. Saliva is secreted by three pairs of salivary glands. Which of these is located just in front of the ear?
47. The main function of mastication (chewing) in the mouth is to:
48. The alimentary canal begins with the anterior opening, the:
49. Which of the following is the primary function of the human alimentary canal?
50. The process of breaking down complex food substances into simpler, absorbable forms is called: