Digital Logic Circuits and Components - logic gates, map simplifications, combinational circuits, flip-flops, sequential circuits, decoders, multiplexers, registers, counters, memory unit - One Line Questions

1. What is the output of an XOR gate when both inputs are the same (both 0 or both 1)? — 0
2. What is the output of a 2-to-4 decoder with inputs A=1, B=0? — 0100
3. A 4-input multiplexer requires how many select lines? — 2
4. What is the minimum number of NAND gates required to implement a basic NOT gate? — 1
5. In a 3-to-8 decoder, how many output lines are there? — 8
6. For a 3-variable K-map, how many cells are there? — 8
7. What is the modulus of a counter that counts from 0 to 9 and then resets? — 10
8. In Boolean algebra, the expression A + A' equals: — 1
9. The Boolean expression F = A + A' is equivalent to: — 1
10. The simplification of the Boolean expression F = (A + B)(A' + C) using Boolean algebra is: — AC + A'B
11. Which logic gate has an output that is the inverse of its input? — NOT
12. Which logic gate has an output that is true if and only if exactly one of its inputs is true? — XOR
13. Which logic gate has an output that is true if any of its inputs is true? — OR
14. A basic SR latch can be constructed using which type of gates? — NAND gates or NOR gates
15. Which basic logic gate produces a high output only when all of its inputs are high? — AND gate
16. Which logic gate produces a low output only when all of its inputs are high? — NOR gate
17. Which Boolean algebra theorem states that A + AB = A? — Absorption Law
18. Which type of sequential circuit uses the output of one or more flip-flops as input to other flip-flops? — Synchronous sequential circuit
19. A ring counter is a type of: — Shift register
20. The Boolean expression A + A'B = A + B is an example of: — Absorption Law
21. What is the primary difference between a flip-flop and a latch? — Flip-flops are edge-triggered, while latches are level-sensitive.
22. A NAND gate is considered a universal gate because: — It can be used to construct any other logic gate.
23. A T flip-flop exhibits toggle behavior when: — Its T input is 1.
24. A JK flip-flop can be configured as a T flip-flop by connecting: — J to K
25. Which is the most basic type of flip-flop? — SR flip-flop
26. What does Karnaugh map (K-map) simplification aim to achieve? — Minimize the number of product terms and literals in a Boolean expression.
27. Which type of sequential circuit's output depends only on the current state? — Moore machine
28. Which logic gate is equivalent to a NOT gate followed by an AND gate? — NAND
29. What is the state of a JK flip-flop when J=1 and K=1? — Toggle
30. A decoder circuit typically has: — One input and multiple outputs.
31. A serial-in, serial-out shift register is used for: — Time delay of data.
32. What is the main memory unit in a CPU responsible for? — Storing instructions and data currently being processed.
33. Which type of counter uses a clock signal that is applied to all flip-flops simultaneously? — Synchronous counter
34. A binary counter that counts in a specific sequence, not necessarily in a natural binary order, is called a: — Custom sequence counter
35. Which type of memory unit is typically volatile and loses its data when power is turned off? — RAM (Random-Access Memory)
36. Which of the following is an example of a combinational circuit? — Full Adder
37. Which of the following is NOT a type of flip-flop? — Multiplexer
38. What is the characteristic difference between a SR flip-flop and a D flip-flop? — D flip-flop has a single input that determines the next state, SR flip-flop has two.
39. Which flip-flop is known for its 'no change' condition? — JK flip-flop when J=0, K=0
40. Which type of memory is non-volatile and retains data even when power is off? — ROM
41. A ripple counter is also known as: — Asynchronous counter
42. What is the primary role of a clock signal in synchronous sequential circuits? — To synchronize state changes across all flip-flops.
43. What is the purpose of a register in a computer system? — To temporarily store binary data.
44. What is the essential function of a memory unit in a digital system? — To store binary information.
45. What is the primary function of a multiplexer (MUX)? — To select one of several input lines and route it to a single output line.
46. What is the function of a demultiplexer (DEMUX)? — To route a single input line to one of several output lines, based on select inputs.
47. A half adder can add: — Two single bits.
48. The simplification of F = ABC + A'BC using K-map would involve grouping: — Two adjacent cells.
49. A full adder circuit has: — Three inputs (A, B, Carry-in) and two outputs (Sum, Carry-out).
50. A shift register that can shift data in both left and right directions is called a: — Bidirectional shift register
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