fluid properties hydrostatics bernoulli theorem flow through pipes open channels weirs flumes spillways - One Line Questions

1. Critical flow in an open channel occurs when the Froude number is: — = 1
2. Subcritical flow in an open channel is characterized by a Froude number: — < 1
3. Supercritical flow in an open channel is characterized by a Froude number: — > 1
4. For flow in a pipe, the critical Reynolds number for transition from laminar to turbulent flow is approximately: — 2000
5. A chute spillway is characterized by: — A steep, straight slope
6. Surface tension is caused by: — Cohesion between fluid molecules
7. The principle that states that the pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and the walls of the containing vessel is: — Pascal's Law
8. Which equation is used to calculate head loss due to friction in pipes? — Darcy-Weisbach Equation
9. Bernoulli's Theorem is a statement of: — Conservation of Energy
10. The hydraulic radius (R) for a circular pipe flowing full is: — D/4
11. Which property of a fluid is its resistance to deformation under shear stress? — Viscosity
12. Open channel flow is characterized by: — Flow with a free surface exposed to atmospheric pressure
13. Hydrostatics deals with: — Fluid at rest
14. Minor losses in pipes are typically caused by: — Sudden enlargement or contraction, bends, and fittings
15. The dimensionless number that characterizes the flow regime (laminar or turbulent) is: — Reynolds number
16. A siphon spillway operates based on the principle of: — Bernoulli's theorem and siphoning action
17. A body will float in a fluid if its average density is: — Less than the fluid density
18. The discharge over a rectangular weir is proportional to: — Head to the power of 3/2
19. Laminar flow typically occurs at: — Low velocities and high viscosities
20. Energy dissipation is crucial downstream of a spillway to: — Prevent erosion of the dam foundation and downstream channel
21. A weir is a structure used to: — Measure or control the flow of liquid
22. The pressure at a point in a static fluid is: — Dependent on depth and fluid density
23. A V-notch weir is commonly used for measuring: — Small discharges
24. The coefficient of discharge for a sharp-crested weir is typically: — Less than 1
25. A drop spillway is suitable for: — Low dams with moderate flow
26. Energy loss in pipes due to friction is called: — Major loss
27. A flume is a: — Man-made channel, often trapezoidal, used for flow measurement
28. Which of the following is NOT a type of spillway? — Infiltration spillway
29. The equation representing Bernoulli's Theorem is: — P/ρ + 1/2 ρv^2 + ρgh = constant
30. Which of the following is a unit of pressure? — Pascal
31. What is the SI unit of dynamic viscosity? — Pascal-second
32. What is the unit of kinematic viscosity in the CGS system? — Stokes
33. In Bernoulli's equation, P/ρg represents: — Pressure head
34. In Bernoulli's equation, v^2/2g represents: — Velocity head
35. The total energy of a fluid in motion per unit weight is known as: — Total head
36. The primary purpose of a spillway is to: — Allow excess water to pass safely from a dam
37. The Froude number (Fr) is used to characterize open channel flow and is defined as: — Ratio of inertial forces to gravitational forces
38. Manning's formula is commonly used to calculate flow velocity in open channels based on: — Channel roughness, hydraulic radius, and slope
39. Turbulent flow is characterized by: — Chaotic, irregular fluid particle movement
40. The condition of minimum specific energy for a given discharge in an open channel corresponds to: — Critical flow
41. The concept of 'specific energy' is important in open channel flow and is defined as the energy per unit weight of fluid with respect to the: — Surface of the channel bed
42. Capillary rise is a phenomenon observed when: — The adhesive forces are greater than cohesive forces
43. Metacentric height is a measure of: — The stability of a floating body
44. Archimedes' Principle states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to: — The weight of the fluid displaced by the body
45. The center of buoyancy is the point where: — The buoyant force acts
46. The 'toe' of a spillway is located at the: — Downstream end of the spillway apron
47. The flow of a fluid in which all the fluid particles move in straight lines and follow the same path is called: — Laminar flow
48. Bernoulli's Theorem is applicable to: — Incompressible and inviscid fluids in steady flow
49. What is the pressure exerted by a column of fluid of height 'h' and density 'ρ'? — ρgh
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