fluid properties hydrostatics bernoulli theorem flow through pipes open channels weirs flumes spillways - Question Bank

1. The condition of minimum specific energy for a given discharge in an open channel corresponds to:
A) Subcritical flow
B) Supercritical flow
C) Critical flow
D) Laminar flow
2. The concept of 'specific energy' is important in open channel flow and is defined as the energy per unit weight of fluid with respect to the:
A) Surface of the channel bed
B) Center of the channel
C) Top surface of the flow
D) Atmospheric pressure
3. The coefficient of discharge for a sharp-crested weir is typically:
A) Less than 1
B) Equal to 1
C) Greater than 1
D) Dependent on the fluid's viscosity
4. A siphon spillway operates based on the principle of:
A) Gravity flow
B) Bernoulli's theorem and siphoning action
C) Pascal's law
D) Centrifugal force
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of spillway?
A) Ogee spillway
B) Siphon spillway
C) Gate spillway
D) Infiltration spillway
6. The 'toe' of a spillway is located at the:
A) Top crest
B) Bottom outlet
C) Upstream face
D) Downstream end of the spillway apron
7. Energy dissipation is crucial downstream of a spillway to:
A) Increase the flow velocity
B) Prevent erosion of the dam foundation and downstream channel
C) Measure the discharge
D) Reduce water temperature
8. A drop spillway is suitable for:
A) Low dams with moderate flow
B) High dams with large flow
C) Dams with limited spillway length
D) Dams requiring energy dissipation
9. A chute spillway is characterized by:
A) A steep, straight slope
B) A curved, sloped surface
C) A horizontal channel
D) An underground tunnel
10. The primary purpose of a spillway is to:
A) Provide water supply
B) Allow excess water to pass safely from a dam
C) Generate electricity
D) Measure river flow
11. A flume is a:
A) Natural stream
B) Man-made channel, often trapezoidal, used for flow measurement
C) Underground tunnel for water transport
D) Dam for water storage
12. A V-notch weir is commonly used for measuring:
A) Large discharges
B) Small discharges
C) Constant discharges
D) Turbulent discharges
13. The discharge over a rectangular weir is proportional to:
A) Head to the power of 1/2
B) Head to the power of 3/2
C) Head to the power of 2
D) Head to the power of 3
14. A weir is a structure used to:
A) Increase the velocity of flow
B) Measure or control the flow of liquid
C) Store water
D) Generate hydroelectric power
15. Manning's formula is commonly used to calculate flow velocity in open channels based on:
A) Reynolds number and viscosity
B) Froude number and depth
C) Channel roughness, hydraulic radius, and slope
D) Pressure and temperature
16. Supercritical flow in an open channel is characterized by a Froude number:
A) < 1
B) > 1
C) = 1
D) = 0
17. Subcritical flow in an open channel is characterized by a Froude number:
A) < 1
B) > 1
C) = 1
D) = 0
18. Critical flow in an open channel occurs when the Froude number is:
A) < 1
B) > 1
C) = 1
D) = 0
19. The Froude number (Fr) is used to characterize open channel flow and is defined as:
A) Ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces
B) Ratio of inertial forces to gravitational forces
C) Ratio of viscous forces to gravitational forces
D) Ratio of elastic forces to gravitational forces
20. The hydraulic radius (R) for a circular pipe flowing full is:
A) D/4
B) D/2
C) πD/4
D) D
21. Open channel flow is characterized by:
A) Flow in a closed conduit under pressure
B) Flow with a free surface exposed to atmospheric pressure
C) Flow in a vacuum
D) Flow in a completely filled pipe
22. Minor losses in pipes are typically caused by:
A) Friction along the pipe length
B) Sudden enlargement or contraction, bends, and fittings
C) High fluid velocity
D) Low fluid viscosity
23. Which equation is used to calculate head loss due to friction in pipes?
A) Bernoulli's Equation
B) Chezy's Equation
C) Darcy-Weisbach Equation
D) Torricelli's Equation
24. Energy loss in pipes due to friction is called:
A) Minor loss
B) Major loss
C) Velocity head
D) Pressure loss
25. The total energy of a fluid in motion per unit weight is known as:
A) Pressure head
B) Velocity head
C) Total head
D) Flow energy
26. Turbulent flow is characterized by:
A) Smooth, orderly fluid particle movement
B) Chaotic, irregular fluid particle movement
C) Constant velocity across the flow section
D) Absence of eddies
27. For flow in a pipe, the critical Reynolds number for transition from laminar to turbulent flow is approximately:
A) 400
B) 1000
C) 2000
D) 4000
28. The dimensionless number that characterizes the flow regime (laminar or turbulent) is:
A) Froude number
B) Mach number
C) Reynolds number
D) Weber number
29. Laminar flow typically occurs at:
A) High velocities and low viscosities
B) Low velocities and high viscosities
C) High velocities and high viscosities
D) Low velocities and low viscosities
30. The flow of a fluid in which all the fluid particles move in straight lines and follow the same path is called:
A) Turbulent flow
B) Laminar flow
C) Critical flow
D) Uniform flow
31. In Bernoulli's equation, v^2/2g represents:
A) Pressure head
B) Velocity head
C) Datum head
D) Total head
32. In Bernoulli's equation, P/ρg represents:
A) Pressure head
B) Velocity head
C) Datum head
D) Energy head
33. The equation representing Bernoulli's Theorem is:
A) P + ρgh = constant
B) P/ρg + v^2/2g + h = constant
C) P/ρ + 1/2 ρv^2 + ρgh = constant
D) P + 1/2 ρv^2 + ρgh = constant
34. Bernoulli's Theorem is a statement of:
A) Conservation of Mass
B) Conservation of Momentum
C) Conservation of Energy
D) Conservation of Volume
35. Bernoulli's Theorem is applicable to:
A) Viscous fluids in motion
B) Incompressible and inviscid fluids in steady flow
C) Compressible fluids in turbulent flow
D) Fluids at rest
36. Metacentric height is a measure of:
A) The stability of a floating body
B) The depth of immersion of a floating body
C) The buoyant force acting on a body
D) The density of the fluid
37. A body will float in a fluid if its average density is:
A) Greater than the fluid density
B) Less than the fluid density
C) Equal to the fluid density
D) Zero
38. The center of buoyancy is the point where:
A) The weight of the body acts
B) The buoyant force acts
C) The resultant hydrostatic force acts
D) The center of gravity is located
39. Archimedes' Principle states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to:
A) The weight of the body
B) The weight of the fluid displaced by the body
C) The volume of the body
D) The density of the fluid
40. The principle that states that the pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and the walls of the containing vessel is:
A) Archimedes' Principle
B) Bernoulli's Theorem
C) Pascal's Law
D) Torricelli's Law
41. What is the pressure exerted by a column of fluid of height 'h' and density 'ρ'?
A) ρgh
B) ρ/gh
C) gh/ρ
D) ρg/h
42. The pressure at a point in a static fluid is:
A) Independent of depth
B) Dependent on the shape of the container
C) Dependent on depth and fluid density
D) Dependent on the horizontal distance from the container wall
43. Hydrostatics deals with:
A) Fluid in motion
B) Fluid at rest
C) Compressible fluids
D) Turbulent flow
44. Which of the following is a unit of pressure?
A) Pascal
B) Joule
C) Watt
D) Newton
45. Capillary rise is a phenomenon observed when:
A) The adhesive forces are greater than cohesive forces
B) The cohesive forces are greater than adhesive forces
C) The fluid is highly viscous
D) The fluid has low surface tension
46. Surface tension is caused by:
A) Adhesion between fluid molecules
B) Cohesion between fluid molecules
C) Repulsion between fluid molecules
D) Gravity acting on fluid molecules
47. What is the unit of kinematic viscosity in the CGS system?
A) Poise
B) Stokes
C) Dyne-second/cm^2
D) Centipoise
48. Which property of a fluid is its resistance to deformation under shear stress?
A) Density
B) Viscosity
C) Surface tension
D) Compressibility
49. What is the SI unit of dynamic viscosity?
A) Poise
B) Pascal-second
C) Stokes
D) Newton-second per square meter
All Question Banks
E-Book fluid properties hydrostatics bernoulli theorem flow through pipes open channels weirs flumes spillways One Line Questions fluid properties hydrostatics bernoulli theorem flow through pipes open channels weirs flumes spillways Online Test fluid properties hydrostatics bernoulli theorem flow through pipes open channels weirs flumes spillways