From the document: “Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: Ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Paradigms of Western Psychology: Positivism, Post-Positivism, Critical perspective, Social Constructionism, Existential Phenomenology, and Co-operative Enquiry.” - One Line Questions

1. Social Constructionism posits that reality is: — Created and maintained through social interaction and language
2. In Co-operative Enquiry, research is typically conducted: — Through a collaborative process involving researchers and participants
3. Which of the following is a core tenet of Existential Phenomenology? — Free will and personal responsibility
4. In Co-operative Enquiry, the research process is iterative and involves: — Data collection, interpretation, and action cycles
5. What is a key epistemological assumption of Positivism? — Knowledge is gained through direct sensory experience and empirical verification
6. Which branch of philosophy deals with the theory of knowledge, its sources, validity, and limitations? — Epistemology
7. Which paradigm is characterized by its focus on power relations, social inequalities, and the critique of dominant ideologies? — Critical Perspective
8. A researcher studying how societal norms influence perceptions of mental illness is likely operating from which paradigm? — Social Constructionism
9. Co-operative Enquiry is a research methodology often associated with which paradigm? — Critical Perspective and Social Constructionism
10. The idea that 'reality is socially constructed' is central to which paradigm? — Social Constructionism
11. Which paradigm is most likely to employ methods like discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis to examine language and power? — Critical Perspective
12. The concept of 'intersubjectivity' is particularly relevant in which paradigm, referring to shared understanding between individuals? — Social Constructionism
13. The search for meaning, authenticity, and the human condition are primary concerns within: — Existential Phenomenology
14. Which paradigm emphasizes the researcher's role in challenging oppressive structures and advocating for social change? — Critical Perspective
15. Which paradigm is most concerned with understanding the 'lifeworld' (Lebenswelt) of individuals? — Existential Phenomenology
16. A researcher using interviews to explore how individuals make sense of their traumatic experiences is likely drawing from: — Social Constructionism or Existential Phenomenology
17. The belief that scientific knowledge progresses through the falsification of hypotheses is central to: — Post-positivism
18. Which paradigm views 'truth' as contingent and context-dependent, shaped by historical and cultural factors? — Social Constructionism and Critical Perspective
19. The ontological position that there are multiple realities, perceived differently by different individuals or groups, is characteristic of: — Social Constructionism
20. Which paradigm is most likely to be critical of the application of scientific methods to human experience, arguing it dehumanizes individuals? — Existential Phenomenology
21. The concept of 'agency' and the capacity for self-determination are central themes in: — Existential Phenomenology
22. The idea that 'there are no facts, only interpretations' is most closely aligned with: — Social Constructionism
23. Which paradigm questions the neutrality of research and seeks to emancipate oppressed groups? — Critical Perspective
24. The focus on individual consciousness and subjective awareness is a hallmark of: — Existential Phenomenology
25. The idea that concepts like 'mental illness' are categories created by society rather than inherent conditions is a viewpoint of: — Social Constructionism
26. Which paradigm is concerned with the 'taken-for-granted' assumptions that shape our understanding of the world? — Social Constructionism
27. The concept of 'authenticity' is a key concern in which psychological paradigm? — Existential Phenomenology
28. The emphasis on 'lived experience' and 'intentionality' is fundamental to: — Existential Phenomenology
29. Which paradigm views research as a political act aimed at social transformation? — Critical Perspective
30. The notion that 'meaning is negotiated and collectively created' is a core principle of: — Social Constructionism
31. The concept of 'reflexivity' – acknowledging the researcher's own positionality and influence – is particularly important in which paradigms? — Critical Perspective and Social Constructionism
32. A researcher investigating how media representations shape public opinion about marginalized groups is likely using a: — Critical perspective approach
33. The idea that 'knowledge is power' is a concept often explored within the: — Critical Perspective paradigm
34. The method of 'phenomenological reduction' (epoché) is a key technique in: — Existential phenomenological research
35. Post-positivism, while acknowledging the limitations of pure objectivity, still maintains that: — There is an objective reality, but it can only be imperfectly apprehended
36. What is the primary ontological assumption of Post-positivism? — Reality exists independently but is imperfectly accessible
37. Which paradigm assumes that there is an objective reality that can be observed, measured, and understood independently of the observer? — Positivism
38. A researcher aiming to establish universal laws of behavior, similar to natural sciences, aligns with which paradigm? — Positivism
39. The methodology of 'grounded theory' can be compatible with which of the following paradigms? — Post-positivism and Social Constructionism
40. A positivist approach in psychology typically emphasizes: — Verifiability, empirical observation, and quantitative data
41. Existential Phenomenology, as a paradigm, prioritizes: — The lived, subjective experience of individuals and their search for meaning
42. In the context of Western Psychology, 'methodology' refers to: — The systematic approach to designing and conducting research
43. Co-operative Enquiry emphasizes: — The creation of new knowledge through shared understanding and action
44. Methodology in research refers to: — The systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study
45. What does ontology primarily concern itself with in the context of knowledge paradigms? — The nature of reality and existence
46. In the context of Western Psychology, 'ontology' refers to: — The nature of reality and existence.
47. Which of the following best describes the ontological position of Critical Perspective? — Reality is shaped by social, historical, and political forces.
48. What is the ontological stance of Social Constructionism regarding social phenomena like 'gender' or 'race'? — They are products of social processes and cultural understandings
49. What is the primary epistemological challenge for a positivist researcher? — To ensure that observations are objective and value-free
50. What is the epistemological stance of Positivism regarding the role of values in research? — Values should be excluded to maintain objectivity
All One Line Questions
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