Heat and temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state and latent heat - One Line Questions

1. Absolute zero is approximately: — -273.15°C
2. A block of metal has a coefficient of linear expansion of 12 x 10⁻⁶ /°C. If its length is 1 meter at 20°C, what will be its length at 120°C? — 1.0012 m
3. The coefficient of area expansion is approximately how many times the coefficient of linear expansion for an isotropic solid? — 2
4. If a metal rod expands by 0.1% when heated by 10°C, what is its coefficient of linear expansion? — 10⁻⁴ /°C
5. What is the latent heat of fusion of ice? — 3.34 x 10⁵ J/kg
6. A substance requires 500 J of heat to change its state. If its mass is 0.5 kg, what is its latent heat? — 1000 J/kg
7. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 4186 J/kg·°C. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water by 10°C? — 83720 J
8. The latent heat of vaporization of water at 100°C is approximately 2.26 x 10⁶ J/kg. How much heat is required to vaporize 1 kg of water at 100°C? — 2.26 x 10⁶ J
9. If a substance is heated and its temperature does not change, it must be undergoing: — A change of state.
10. What is the 'change of state' in physics? — A transition of a substance from one physical state (solid, liquid, gas) to another.
11. Which of the following is an example of thermal expansion in everyday life? — A jar lid being loosened by running hot water over it.
12. When a liquid evaporates, it: — Absorbs heat from the surroundings.
13. The thermal expansion of solids is generally: — Anisotropic (different in different directions).
14. Latent heat of fusion refers to the heat absorbed or released during: — Melting and freezing.
15. The temperature at which a solid melts into a liquid at a given pressure is called the: — Melting point
16. Which temperature scale is an absolute scale, meaning 0 K represents the lowest possible temperature? — Kelvin
17. What is the SI unit of temperature? — Kelvin
18. Which process involves a change of state from solid to liquid? — Melting (Fusion)
19. Thermal expansion is generally the tendency of matter to: — Expand in volume when heated.
20. A metal sphere is heated. Its volume will: — Increase.
21. Bimetallic strips are used in thermostats because: — Different metals have different coefficients of thermal expansion.
22. Which process involves a direct transition from gas to solid? — Deposition
23. What is the process of a liquid changing into a gas called? — Boiling (Vaporization)
24. Which of the following statements about heat and temperature is correct? — Heat is energy in transit due to temperature difference.
25. Which of the following phenomena is an example of sublimation? — Dry ice (solid CO₂) turning directly into carbon dioxide gas.
26. If the temperature of a substance is increased, its specific heat capacity generally: — May increase or decrease slightly depending on the substance and temperature range.
27. Which of the following has the highest specific heat capacity? — Water
28. A railway track is laid with gaps between the rails because: — It allows for thermal expansion.
29. The unit of specific heat capacity is typically: — Joule/kg·°C
30. The unit of latent heat is typically: — Joule/kg
31. Latent heat of vaporization refers to the heat absorbed or released during: — Boiling and condensation.
32. Water boils at 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure. This is its: — Boiling point
33. The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into a gas at a given pressure is its: — Boiling point
34. The specific heat capacity of a gas at constant pressure is generally greater than its specific heat capacity at constant volume because: — The gas does work on the surroundings at constant pressure.
35. What is the relationship between heat (Q), mass (m), specific heat capacity (c), and temperature change (ΔT)? — Q = m c ΔT
36. When ice at 0°C melts into water at 0°C, heat is: — Absorbed
37. Which state of matter typically exhibits the largest coefficient of thermal expansion? — Gas
38. The heat required to change the state of 1 gram of a substance without changing its temperature is called: — Specific latent heat
39. When a liquid is cooled below its freezing point without solidifying, it is called: — Supercooled liquid
40. Calorimetry is the science associated with measuring: — Heat transfer
41. What is specific heat capacity? — The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
42. In a calorimetry experiment, a hot object is placed in a perfectly insulated container with a cooler object. Heat will flow from: — The hotter object to the cooler object until temperatures are equal.
43. What is latent heat? — The heat absorbed or released during a change of state at constant temperature.
44. The principle of calorimetry states that in an isolated system, the heat lost by the hot substance is equal to: — The heat gained by the cooler substance.
45. Which of the following best describes temperature? — The average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance.
46. The coefficient of linear expansion for a solid is defined as the fractional change in: — Length per unit change in temperature.
47. Which of the following substances has the lowest melting point? — Mercury
48. The triple point of water is the temperature and pressure at which: — Water, ice, and steam coexist in equilibrium.
49. If the coefficient of volume expansion of a liquid is γ, then its coefficient of superficial expansion is approximately: — 2γ/3
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