Heat and temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state and latent heat - Question Bank

1. If the temperature of a substance is increased, its specific heat capacity generally:
A) Increases significantly.
B) Decreases significantly.
C) Remains constant.
D) May increase or decrease slightly depending on the substance and temperature range.
2. Which process involves a direct transition from gas to solid?
A) Evaporation
B) Condensation
C) Sublimation
D) Deposition
3. The coefficient of area expansion is approximately how many times the coefficient of linear expansion for an isotropic solid?
A) 1/2
B) 2/3
C) 1
D) 2
4. When a liquid is cooled below its freezing point without solidifying, it is called:
A) Superheated liquid
B) Supercooled liquid
C) Sublimated liquid
D) Vaporized liquid
5. The latent heat of vaporization of water at 100°C is approximately 2.26 x 10⁶ J/kg. How much heat is required to vaporize 1 kg of water at 100°C?
A) 4186 J
B) 100 J
C) 2.26 x 10⁶ J
D) 3.34 x 10⁵ J
6. What is the relationship between heat (Q), mass (m), specific heat capacity (c), and temperature change (ΔT)?
A) Q = mc/ΔT
B) Q = mΔT/c
C) Q = m c ΔT
D) Q = ΔT / (mc)
7. Which of the following is an example of thermal expansion in everyday life?
A) A refrigerator cooling food.
B) A pot of water boiling.
C) A thermometer measuring body temperature.
D) A jar lid being loosened by running hot water over it.
8. A railway track is laid with gaps between the rails because:
A) It reduces friction.
B) It allows for thermal expansion.
C) It improves the sound insulation.
D) It makes maintenance easier.
9. The specific heat capacity of a gas at constant pressure is generally greater than its specific heat capacity at constant volume because:
A) More heat is required to raise the temperature at constant pressure.
B) The gas does work on the surroundings at constant pressure.
C) The gas absorbs less heat at constant pressure.
D) The internal energy change is less at constant pressure.
10. If a substance is heated and its temperature does not change, it must be undergoing:
A) A change in specific heat capacity.
B) A change of state.
C) An increase in thermal conductivity.
D) A decrease in its coefficient of expansion.
11. What is the latent heat of fusion of ice?
A) 2.26 x 10⁶ J/kg
B) 3.34 x 10⁵ J/kg
C) 4186 J/kg
D) 100 J/kg
12. Which of the following substances has the lowest melting point?
A) Water
B) Iron
C) Gold
D) Mercury
13. A metal sphere is heated. Its volume will:
A) Decrease.
B) Increase.
C) Remain the same.
D) First decrease then increase.
14. Which of the following statements about heat and temperature is correct?
A) Heat is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules.
B) Temperature is a measure of the total kinetic energy of molecules.
C) Heat is energy in transit due to temperature difference.
D) A substance with high specific heat capacity heats up quickly.
15. The heat required to change the state of 1 gram of a substance without changing its temperature is called:
A) Specific heat capacity
B) Specific latent heat
C) Heat capacity
D) Heat of combustion
16. If the coefficient of volume expansion of a liquid is γ, then its coefficient of superficial expansion is approximately:
A) γ/3
B) 2γ/3
C) γ
D) 3γ
17. The thermal expansion of solids is generally:
A) Anisotropic (different in different directions).
B) Isotropic (same in all directions).
C) Negligible.
D) Always negative.
18. Absolute zero is approximately:
A) 0°C
B) -273.15°C
C) 32°F
D) 100°C
19. Which temperature scale is an absolute scale, meaning 0 K represents the lowest possible temperature?
A) Celsius
B) Fahrenheit
C) Kelvin
D) Réaumur
20. The triple point of water is the temperature and pressure at which:
A) Water boils.
B) Water freezes.
C) Water, ice, and steam coexist in equilibrium.
D) Water sublimes.
21. When a liquid evaporates, it:
A) Absorbs heat from the surroundings.
B) Releases heat to the surroundings.
C) Changes its specific heat capacity.
D) Increases its boiling point.
22. A substance requires 500 J of heat to change its state. If its mass is 0.5 kg, what is its latent heat?
A) 250 J/kg
B) 500 J/kg
C) 1000 J/kg
D) 2500 J/kg
23. A block of metal has a coefficient of linear expansion of 12 x 10⁻⁶ /°C. If its length is 1 meter at 20°C, what will be its length at 120°C?
A) 1.00012 m
B) 1.0012 m
C) 1.012 m
D) 1.12 m
24. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 4186 J/kg·°C. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 2 kg of water by 10°C?
A) 4186 J
B) 8372 J
C) 41860 J
D) 83720 J
25. Which of the following phenomena is an example of sublimation?
A) Ice melting into water.
B) Water turning into steam.
C) Dry ice (solid CO₂) turning directly into carbon dioxide gas.
D) Steam condensing into water.
26. Water boils at 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure. This is its:
A) Melting point
B) Triple point
C) Boiling point
D) Critical point
27. When ice at 0°C melts into water at 0°C, heat is:
A) Released
B) Absorbed
C) Neither absorbed nor released
D) Converted to kinetic energy.
28. The unit of latent heat is typically:
A) Joule/kg·°C
B) Joule/kg
C) Joule/°C
D) Watt/kg
29. Latent heat of vaporization refers to the heat absorbed or released during:
A) Melting and freezing.
B) Sublimation and deposition.
C) Boiling and condensation.
D) Evaporation and freezing.
30. Latent heat of fusion refers to the heat absorbed or released during:
A) Boiling and condensation.
B) Melting and freezing.
C) Sublimation and deposition.
D) Evaporation and condensation.
31. What is latent heat?
A) The heat absorbed or released during a change of state at constant temperature.
B) The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
C) The total heat energy of a substance.
D) The heat transferred due to conduction.
32. The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into a gas at a given pressure is its:
A) Melting point
B) Freezing point
C) Triple point
D) Boiling point
33. What is the process of a liquid changing into a gas called?
A) Freezing
B) Condensation
C) Boiling (Vaporization)
D) Deposition
34. The temperature at which a solid melts into a liquid at a given pressure is called the:
A) Boiling point
B) Freezing point
C) Melting point
D) Triple point
35. Which process involves a change of state from solid to liquid?
A) Condensation
B) Evaporation
C) Melting (Fusion)
D) Sublimation
36. What is the 'change of state' in physics?
A) A change in the temperature of a substance.
B) A change in the volume of a substance.
C) A transition of a substance from one physical state (solid, liquid, gas) to another.
D) A change in the color of a substance.
37. The principle of calorimetry states that in an isolated system, the heat lost by the hot substance is equal to:
A) The heat gained by the surroundings.
B) The heat gained by the cooler substance.
C) The total heat energy of the system.
D) Zero, if no phase change occurs.
38. In a calorimetry experiment, a hot object is placed in a perfectly insulated container with a cooler object. Heat will flow from:
A) The cooler object to the hotter object until temperatures are equal.
B) The hotter object to the cooler object until temperatures are equal.
C) Both objects to the surroundings.
D) Neither object, as the container is insulated.
39. Calorimetry is the science associated with measuring:
A) Temperature
B) Heat transfer
C) Pressure
D) Volume
40. The unit of specific heat capacity is typically:
A) Joule/kg
B) Joule/°C
C) Joule/kg·°C
D) Watt/kg·°C
41. Which of the following has the highest specific heat capacity?
A) Iron
B) Aluminum
C) Water
D) Copper
42. What is specific heat capacity?
A) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
B) The total heat content of a substance.
C) The rate at which heat is transferred through a substance.
D) The temperature at which a substance changes state.
43. Bimetallic strips are used in thermostats because:
A) Different metals have the same coefficient of thermal expansion.
B) Different metals have different coefficients of thermal expansion.
C) Metals contract significantly when heated.
D) Metals change color with temperature.
44. If a metal rod expands by 0.1% when heated by 10°C, what is its coefficient of linear expansion?
A) 10⁻⁵ /°C
B) 10⁻⁴ /°C
C) 10⁻³ /°C
D) 10⁻² /°C
45. The coefficient of linear expansion for a solid is defined as the fractional change in:
A) Volume per unit change in temperature.
B) Area per unit change in temperature.
C) Length per unit change in temperature.
D) Density per unit change in temperature.
46. Which state of matter typically exhibits the largest coefficient of thermal expansion?
A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) Plasma
47. Thermal expansion is generally the tendency of matter to:
A) Contract in volume when heated.
B) Expand in volume when heated.
C) Expand in volume when cooled.
D) Remain unchanged in volume when heated or cooled.
48. Which of the following best describes temperature?
A) The total kinetic energy of molecules in a substance.
B) The average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance.
C) The potential energy stored in the bonds of molecules.
D) The amount of heat energy transferred between objects.
49. What is the SI unit of temperature?
A) Celsius
B) Fahrenheit
C) Kelvin
D) Rankine
All Question Banks
E-Book Heat and temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state and latent heat One Line Questions Heat and temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state and latent heat Online Test Heat and temperature, thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, change of state and latent heat