TRB PG Assistant - Land forms due to water action, wind action, wave action, glacial action - continental drift, plate tectonics - normal cycle of erosion, Davis and Penck concepts One Line Questions & Answers

1. What is a 'peneplain' in the context of the normal cycle of erosion? — A nearly flat, featureless plain

2. What is a 'yardang'? — An erosional remnant formed by wind

3. What is a 'sea arch'? — A natural opening eroded through a headland by wave action

4. What is a 'cirque' in glacial geomorphology? — A bowl-shaped depression at the head of a glacier

5. What is a 'meander' in the context of river landforms? — A sharp bend in a river

6. What is a 'sea stack'? — An isolated pillar of rock standing in the sea

7. What is a 'fjord'? — A U-shaped valley formed by glacial erosion, flooded by the sea

8. What is a 'hanging valley'? — A tributary valley whose floor is significantly higher than the main glacial valley

9. Which landform is created by the deposition of sand by wind, often forming large mounds or ridges? — Dune

10. What is the term for a coastal landform created by the action of waves, consisting of a ridge of sand or pebbles parallel to the coast? — Beach ridge

11. Which of the following is a landform created by deposition from waves and currents along a coast? — Spit

12. The 'maturity' stage in Davis's cycle of erosion is characterized by: — Broad valleys and extensive floodplains

13. Which landform is primarily created by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river? — Delta

14. The theory of Continental Drift was first proposed by which scientist? — Alfred Wegener

15. The movement of Earth's lithospheric plates is explained by which theory? — Plate Tectonics

16. What is the primary difference between Davis's and Penck's concepts of erosion cycles? — Davis emphasized time and sequential stages, Penck on slope development and end-moraines

17. What is the term for the process where wind removes loose particles from the surface? — Deflation

18. Which process describes the gradual wearing away of land by wind, water, or ice? — Erosion

19. The formation of the Himalayas is a classic example of which type of plate boundary interaction? — Convergent (continental-continental collision)

20. Which plate boundary is associated with the formation of a subduction zone? —

21. The 'youth' stage in Davis's cycle of erosion is typically characterized by: — Deep, narrow valleys with steep slopes

22. Which landform is created by the freeze-thaw action and subsequent removal of weathered material? — Talus slope

23. Which glacial landform is a large, smooth, elongated hill formed by glacial ice acting on underlying unconsolidated till or ground moraine? — Drumlin

24. Which of the following is a direct consequence of seafloor spreading? — Creation of mid-ocean ridges

25. A large-scale down-dropped block of land bounded by faults is known as a: — Rift valley

26. Which glacial landform is a crescent-shaped hill formed by a terminal moraine deposited at the edge of a glacier? — Moraine

27. What is the term for the process by which a river erodes downwards into its bed? — Vertical erosion

28. A long, narrow ridge of gravel and sand deposited by a retreating glacier is called: — Esker

29. An 'alluvial fan' is a depositional landform created by: — A river emerging from a narrow valley onto a plain

30. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the Earth's lithosphere is divided into: — Tectonic plates

31. Which concept describes the gradual wearing down of landmasses over geological time? — Denudation

32. Which theory proposes that the Earth's continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea? — Continental Drift

33. What is the term for a deep, narrow valley with steep sides, typically carved by a river? — Canyon

34. What landform is created when the outer bend of a meander is eroded, and the river cuts through the narrow neck of land, leaving a curved lake? — Oxbow lake

35. A steep, cliff-like face of rock, often formed by wave erosion undercutting a coastline, is known as a: — Sea cliff

36. What geological feature is formed when two continental plates collide, resulting in extensive folding and faulting of the crust? — Fold mountain range

37. What type of landform is a U-shaped valley typically associated with? — Glacial action

38. The process of 'plucking' or 'exudation' is a key mechanism in which type of erosion? — Glacial erosion

39. W.M. Davis proposed a cycle of erosion that emphasizes the role of: — Time and sequential development of landforms

40. Which of the following is a landform associated with volcanic action, not directly with water, wind, wave, or glacial action? — Caldera

41. The concept of 'isostasy' relates to: — The balance of crustal weight and buoyancy

42. What is an 'abrasion' in the context of erosion? — The grinding of rock particles against a surface

43. According to Penck's theory of morphological analysis, what is 'End-moraine'? — The limit of glacial advance

44. What is the primary force driving the movement of tectonic plates? — Convection currents in the mantle

45. Which process refers to the movement of weathered material downslope under gravity's influence? — Mass wasting

46. The concept of 'slope retreat' is central to which scientist's model of erosion? — Albrecht Penck

47. Which type of erosion is responsible for creating features like loess deposits? — Wind erosion

48. According to the normal cycle of erosion, which stage is characterized by a relatively flat landscape with widely spaced, gentle hills? — Old Age

49. Which stage of Davis's cycle of erosion is characterized by rapid downcutting by rivers and the development of V-shaped valleys? — Youth

Land forms due to water action, wind action, wave action, glacial action - continental drift, plate tectonics - normal cycle of erosion, Davis and Penck concepts - One Line Questions