Life table, migration and related demographic concepts. - One Line Questions

1. What is a refugee? — A person who is outside their country of nationality because of a well-founded fear of persecution and is unable or unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
2. A population pyramid with a broad base and a narrow top typically indicates: — A rapidly growing population with high birth rates and declining death rates.
3. Which of these is NOT typically considered a factor influencing mortality rates? — Fertility rates
4. Which type of life table is constructed using data from a single point in time, typically a census? — Period life table
5. Which demographic concept measures the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year? — Infant mortality rate
6. A cohort life table tracks a specific group of individuals born in the same year (a cohort) over their entire lifespan. This provides a more accurate picture of mortality trends but is: — Time-consuming and requires long-term data collection.
7. An 'emigrant' is a person who: — Leaves a country to settle elsewhere.
8. Which of the following is considered a 'pull factor' for migration? — Attractive job prospects in the destination country.
9. The 'sex ratio' at birth typically favors: — Males
10. Voluntary migration is driven by: — Personal choice and perceived benefits
11. An 'internally displaced person' (IDP) is someone who: — Has been forced to flee their home but remains within their country's borders.
12. Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model typically shows: — Low birth rates and low death rates, resulting in slow or zero population growth.
13. Which of the following is considered a 'push factor' for migration? — War or political persecution in the origin country.
14. The 'natural increase' of a population refers to the difference between: — Births and deaths.
15. During Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model, birth rates begin to fall due to factors like: — Urbanization, increased education, and access to contraception.
16. The 'Demographic Transition Model' describes the historical shift in population growth rates from high to low, typically associated with: — Decreased birth rates and decreased death rates.
17. Which of the following is a factor that typically drives international migration? — Poverty and lack of economic opportunities in the origin country.
18. An 'immigrant' is a person who: — Enters a country to settle.
19. In the first stage of the Demographic Transition Model, both birth rates and death rates are typically: — High and fluctuating.
20. The life expectancy at birth (e0) is calculated using which life table function? — Tx
21. Which life table function is the sum of person-years lived above age x? — Tx
22. A stationary population is a hypothetical population in which the number of births and deaths are constant over time. This concept is often used in the context of: — Life table construction
23. Internal migration refers to: — Movement of people within the same country.
24. The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants over a period is known as: — Net migration
25. The probability of dying between age x and age x+1, given survival to age x, is represented by which life table function? — qx
26. Forced migration occurs when people are compelled to leave their homes due to: — Threats to life, such as war, persecution, or natural disasters.
27. Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by a rapid decline in death rates while birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth? — Stage 2
28. What is the 'total fertility rate' (TFR)? — The average number of children born to women during their reproductive years.
29. What is migration? — The movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling, temporarily or permanently.
30. What is 'brain drain'? — The emigration of highly skilled or educated individuals from a particular country.
31. The concept of 'carrying capacity' in population studies refers to: — The maximum number of people a region can support indefinitely with available resources.
32. What does the 'Lexis diagram' visually represent? — The progression of a population cohort through age and time.
33. What does 'lx' denote in a life table, assuming a radix of 100,000? — The number of survivors at the beginning of age interval x.
34. What does 'Lx' represent in a life table? — The total number of person-years lived between age x and age x+1.
35. What is the 'crude birth rate'? — The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.
36. In a life table, what does the term 'dx' represent? — The number of deaths occurring between age x and age x+1.
37. What is the 'crude death rate'? — The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.
38. A TFR of approximately 2.1 children per woman is generally considered the 'replacement level' fertility, meaning: — The population will eventually stabilize, with each generation replacing the previous one.
39. What does 'px' represent in a life table? — The probability of surviving from age x to age x+1.
40. What is 'aging in place'? — The ability of older adults to live independently in their own homes and communities for as long as possible.
41. What is 'remittance' in the context of migration? — The money sent by migrants back to their families in their home country.
42. What is the 'dependency ratio'? — The ratio of the economically dependent population (children and elderly) to the working-age population.
43. What is 'population momentum'? — The tendency for population size to continue growing even after fertility rates have fallen to replacement level, due to a large young population.
44. What is the net migration rate? — The total number of immigrants minus the total number of emigrants.
45. A 'population pyramid' is a graphical representation that shows: — The distribution of various age groups in a population, typically divided by sex.
46. A high dependency ratio can place a strain on a country's resources because: — A larger proportion of the population is not in the workforce and relies on the working population.
47. What is the primary purpose of a life table in demography? — To summarize mortality conditions and estimate life expectancy.
48. What is the formula for calculating life expectancy at age x (ex) from a life table? — Tx / lx
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