Plant pathology - plant diseases due to fungi, bacteria and viruses, host–microbe interaction, principles of disease control - physical, chemical and biological methods - One Line Questions

1. Which bacterium causes black rot of crucifers, characterized by V-shaped lesions on leaf margins and vascular discoloration? — Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
2. Crop rotation is a disease control strategy that primarily aims to reduce the buildup of which type of pathogen in the soil? — Soil-borne fungi and bacteria
3. Ring spot symptoms, often appearing as concentric rings on leaves or fruits, can be caused by various pathogens. Which pathogen is known to cause ring spot on Brassicas? — Mycosphaerella brassicicola
4. Late blight of potato, a devastating disease, is caused by an oomycete. What is its scientific name? — Phytophthora infestans
5. Which bacterial disease affects beans, causing water-soaked lesions on pods and leaves, often with bacterial ooze? — Common bacterial blight
6. Which of the following is a physical method of plant disease control? — Heat treatment of seeds
7. Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of which serious plant disease affecting pome fruits like apples and pears? — Fire blight
8. Aphanomyces euteiches is a notorious soil-borne oomycete that causes root rot in which group of crops? — Legumes
9. The use of genetically resistant plant varieties is a form of: — Genetic control
10. The use of genetically modified crops with enhanced resistance is an example of: — Genetic control
11. The use of heat to kill pathogens in soil or planting material is a form of: — Physical control
12. The process by which a pathogen penetrates the host plant is called: — Penetration
13. Which virus is responsible for the mosaic symptoms observed in tobacco plants, leading to significant crop loss? — Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
14. Which of the following is a common vector for plant viruses? — Aphids
15. A plant disease that is consistently present at low levels in a particular geographic area is described as: — Endemic
16. Which of the following is a method of seed treatment to control seed-borne diseases? — Chemical or hot water treatment
17. The yellow sticky traps used in fields are primarily for monitoring and controlling populations of: — Insect vectors of viruses
18. Mosaic symptoms, characterized by irregular patches of light and dark green or yellow on leaves, are most commonly associated with which type of pathogen? — Viruses
19. Which of the following is a cultural practice for managing plant diseases? — Use of disease-free planting material
20. Which fungus causes the 'take-all' disease of cereals, affecting roots and stems, leading to stunted growth and whiteheads? — Gaeumannomyces graminis
21. The characteristic 'shoestring' appearance of infected plant parts, often seen in diseases like Dutch elm disease, is a symptom of vascular wilt caused by a fungus. Which fungus is primarily associated with Dutch elm disease? — Ophiostoma ulmi
22. Biological control of plant diseases involves the use of: — Predators or parasites of the pathogen
23. The study of plant diseases, their causes, development, and control is known as: — Plant Pathology
24. The movement of a pathogen or its spores from the source of infection to a new host plant is called: — Dissemination
25. The ability of a pathogen to cause disease is termed: — Pathogenicity
26. Which of the following is a symptom of a vascular wilt disease? — Wilting and yellowing of foliage, often starting on one side of the plant
27. Citrus greening, a destructive disease, is caused by a bacterium that lives and multiplies in the plant's phloem. What is the scientific name of this bacterium? — Liberibacter asiaticus
28. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of viral infection in plants? — Root rot
29. Anthracnose diseases, often causing sunken lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits, are typically caused by fungi belonging to which group? — Ascomycetes (especially Colletotrichum species)
30. Alternaria solani causes early blight in tomato and potato, characterized by target-spot lesions on leaves. This pathogen belongs to which group? — Ascomycetes
31. Rust diseases in plants are typically caused by fungi belonging to which class? — Basidiomycetes
32. The process by which a plant recognizes and responds to a pathogen attack is part of: — Host-pathogen interaction
33. Which of the following is a method of sanitation for disease control? — Removing and destroying infected plant debris
34. Which virus causes the 'leaf roll' disease in potato, leading to upward rolling of leaves and stunted growth? — Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV)
35. Which disease of cucurbits is caused by *Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans* and manifests as small, angular, water-soaked spots on leaves that dry out and fall, creating a 'shot-hole' effect? — Bacterial leaf spot
36. Which disease of wheat, caused by *Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici*, is characterized by long, linear pustules on leaves and stems, often appearing reddish-brown? — Stem rust
37. Crown gall disease in plants, characterized by tumor-like growths, is caused by which bacterium? — Agrobacterium tumefaciens
38. Which of the following fungi is a common cause of root rot and damping-off in seedlings? — Rhizoctonia solani
39. The term 'damping-off' refers to the sudden collapse and death of young seedlings, often caused by soil-borne pathogens like: — Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp.
40. Blackleg of potato, a disease characterized by wilting and blackening of the stem base, is caused by which bacterium? — Pectobacterium atrosepticum
41. Bacterial blight of rice, caused by *Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae*, primarily affects which part of the plant? — Leaves and leaf sheaths
42. The process by which a pathogen establishes itself in a host plant and causes disease is called: — Infection
43. A chemical method for controlling plant diseases involves the use of: — Application of pesticides
44. The interaction between a plant and a pathogen where the pathogen benefits and the plant is harmed is known as: — Parasitism
45. The term 'virulence' in plant pathology refers to: — The degree or intensity of pathogenicity
46. The term 'inoculum' refers to: — The pathogen itself or its propagules that initiate infection
47. Which virus causes leaf curl disease in tomato plants, leading to severely distorted and stunted growth? — Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV)
48. Smut diseases, characterized by the formation of black, powdery spore masses, are caused by fungi belonging to which order? — Ustilaginales
49. Which term describes the ability of a plant to resist infection by a pathogen? — Resistance
50. Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of powdery mildew on plants? — A white, powdery growth on the surface of leaves and stems
All One Line Questions
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