Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure and differences - One Line Questions

1. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into: — Multiple linear chromosomes complexed with histones
2. The large central vacuole is a prominent feature of: — Mature plant cells
3. The presence of a cell wall is a characteristic of: — Plant cells, fungal cells, and most prokaryotic cells
4. The presence of flagella in prokaryotes differs from eukaryotes in that prokaryotic flagella: — Are structurally simpler and not covered by plasma membrane.
5. Which of the following is a function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells? — Synthesis of proteins and lipids
6. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic animal cells that is absent in plant cells and prokaryotic cells? — Centrioles (in most)
7. Which structure in eukaryotic cells is responsible for maintaining cell shape, enabling cellular movement, and intracellular transport? — Cytoskeleton
8. The cell wall of bacteria is primarily composed of: —
9. The cell wall of plants is primarily made of: — Cellulose
10. The process of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria occurs in: — Thylakoid membranes within the cytoplasm
11. The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is primarily located in the: — Nucleus
12. The function of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells is: — Ribosome synthesis
13. Which of the following eukaryotic organelles is primarily involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles? — Golgi apparatus
14. The endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells includes all of the following EXCEPT: — Mitochondria
15. Plasmids, which are small, circular DNA molecules, are commonly found in: — Prokaryotic cells
16. The term 'mesosome' is associated with invaginations of the plasma membrane in: — Prokaryotic cells
17. The process of transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in: — Prokaryotic cells
18. Which statement correctly differentiates the cell membranes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes? — Eukaryotic membranes contain sterols; prokaryotic membranes generally do not.
19. The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is: — Modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules
20. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? — Ribosome
21. Which of the following organelles is involved in the breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris in eukaryotic cells? — Lysosome
22. The function of the cell membrane in prokaryotes includes: — Site of ATP synthesis and transport of substances
23. Which statement accurately describes the nucleus in eukaryotic cells? — It is absent in prokaryotes.
24. Which organelle is responsible for detoxification of harmful substances in eukaryotic cells? — Endoplasmic reticulum
25. Which of the following is a feature unique to eukaryotic plant cells that is absent in animal cells and prokaryotic cells? — Chloroplasts
26. Which of the following is NOT a membrane-bound organelle? — Ribosome
27. The term 'genome' in prokaryotes typically refers to: — A single circular chromosome in the nucleoid and plasmids
28. Which prokaryotic structure is analogous to the mitochondrial inner membrane in terms of function (electron transport and ATP synthesis)? — Plasma membrane
29. The genetic material in prokaryotes is typically found in a region called the: — Nucleoid
30. The site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells is the: — Mitochondrion
31. Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic DNA replication? — Is semi-conservative and involves a single origin of replication
32. Which component is common to the cell envelope of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria? — Plasma membrane
33. Which of the following is a unique feature of the cell wall in fungi? — Chitin
34. Which structure is present in the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria but absent in Gram-positive bacteria? — Outer membrane
35. In prokaryotes, the cell membrane is the site for: — Both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration (in some)
36. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells? — Absence of membrane-bound organelles
37. The nuclear envelope, a double membrane surrounding the nucleus, is a defining characteristic of: — Eukaryotes
38. Microtubules and microfilaments are components of the cytoskeleton found in: — Eukaryotes
39. Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in metabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification, and are found in: — Eukaryotes
40. Which of the following is a defining difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding their genetic material? — Prokaryotic DNA is not enclosed by a membrane; eukaryotic DNA is enclosed within a nucleus.
41. The ergastic substances, which are reserve materials, are found in the cytoplasm of: — Eukaryotic cells
42. The term 'organelle' typically refers to membrane-bound structures within the cytoplasm of: — Eukaryotic cells
43. The cytoskeleton, providing structural support and facilitating movement, is present in: — Eukaryotic cells only
44. Which statement best describes the difference in ribosomes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? — Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger (80S) than prokaryotic ribosomes (70S).
45. The plasma membrane in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes performs which function? — Selective permeability and transport
46. Eukaryotic cells are distinguished from prokaryotic cells by the presence of: — A nuclear envelope
47. Which of the following is a functional difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes? — Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis/modification; smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
48. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic flagella and cilia? — Presence of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
49. A key difference in cell division between most prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes: — Divide by binary fission.
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