Secondary growth in plants - tissues and tissue systems - One Line Questions

1. What are lenticels? — Areas of unsuberized cells in the bark allowing gas exchange
2. The vascular cambium is a meristematic tissue that is: — Lateral meristem
3. The growth of a tree trunk in diameter is primarily due to the activity of: — Lateral meristems (vascular cambium and cork cambium)
4. Sapwood is characterized by: — Being lighter and involved in water and mineral transport
5. The fascicular cambium is located: — Within the vascular bundles
6. The dark color of heartwood is due to the deposition of: — Resins, tannins, and gums
7. The term 'phellem' is synonymous with: — Cork
8. The 'phellogen' is also known as: — Cork cambium
9. The 'phelloderm' is also known as: — Secondary cortex
10. The phelloderm, a component of the periderm, consists of: — Living parenchyma cells
11. Which tissue system is primarily responsible for secondary growth? — Meristematic tissue system
12. Secondary growth is generally absent in: — Monocotyledonous plants
13. The periderm replaces which tissue during secondary growth in roots? — Epidermis
14. In dicotyledonous stems, where does the vascular cambium originate? — From the interfascicular and fascicular regions
15. The outermost protective layer formed during secondary growth in woody stems and roots is: — Periderm
16. Secondary growth in roots begins in the: — Pericycle
17. The transition from primary to secondary growth in dicot stems involves: — Formation of a continuous ring of vascular cambium
18. Which of the following is NOT a function of secondary growth? — Primary root and shoot elongation
19. The formation of secondary phloem by the vascular cambium occurs towards the... — Outside
20. Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary phloem? — It contains sieve tubes, companion cells, and phloem parenchyma
21. Which statement about secondary growth in roots is correct? — It is initiated by the vascular cambium and cork cambium
22. The 'ring-porous' wood is characterized by: — Large vessels of earlywood and small vessels of latewood
23. The 'diffuse-porous' wood is characterized by: — Uniformly distributed vessels of similar size throughout the growth ring
24. Secondary growth is a crucial adaptation for plants that: — Are perennial and live for many years, requiring structural support and longevity
25. Secondary growth in plants leads to an increase in: — Diameter of stem and root
26. What is the 'bark' of a tree in the context of secondary growth? — The tissues outside the vascular cambium
27. In secondary growth, the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem towards the... — Inside
28. Which plant tissues are primarily involved in secondary growth? — Vascular Cambium and Cork Cambium
29. Which component of the periderm is responsible for producing new cells for secondary growth? — Phellogen
30. The formation of adventitious roots from the stem is an example of: — Primary growth
31. What is the 'wood' that is commonly used in construction and furniture made of? — Secondary xylem
32. The pericycle in roots contributes to the formation of: — Lateral roots and vascular cambium
33. The vascular cambium is responsible for producing: — Secondary xylem and secondary phloem
34. The vascular cambium is a layer of cells between: — Secondary xylem and secondary phloem
35. In a dicot stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in a: — Ring
36. The annual rings observed in the wood of perennial plants are formed due to: — Seasonal variations in the activity of the vascular cambium
37. In a typical woody stem undergoing secondary growth, which tissue is located most internally? — Secondary xylem
38. The 'bark' is a collective term for: — All tissues external to the vascular cambium
39. What are the components of the periderm? — Phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm
40. The activity of vascular cambium is influenced by: — All of the above
41. What is heartwood? — The non-conducting, darker-colored wood in the center, rich in resins and gums
42. The cork cambium (phellogen) is typically derived from: — The cortex or epidermis
43. What is the significance of annual rings in trees? — They help in determining the age of the tree
44. The cork cells (phellem) are characterized by: — Thick cell walls impregnated with suberin and lack protoplasm
45. What is the role of suberin in cork cells? — To make the cells impermeable to water and gases
46. What is the primary function of secondary growth in plants? — To increase the girth or diameter of stems and roots
47. What is the function of pith rays in secondary growth? — To form radial vascular connections and store food
48. The layer of cells responsible for producing cork and secondary cortex is called: — Cork cambium (Phellogen)
49. The cambial activity is generally more vigorous during: — Spring and summer
50. The interfascicular cambium is located between the: — Vascular bundles
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