NEET UG - Secondary growth in plants - tissues and tissue systems Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. What is the primary function of secondary growth in plants?

A) To increase the length of roots and shoots B) To increase the girth or diameter of stems and roots C) To produce flowers and fruits D) To absorb water and minerals from the soil

2. Which plant tissues are primarily involved in secondary growth?

A) Parenchyma and Collenchyma B) Epidermis and Cortex C) Vascular Cambium and Cork Cambium D) Xylem and Phloem

3. The vascular cambium is responsible for producing:

A) Primary xylem and primary phloem B) Secondary xylem and secondary phloem C) Cork cambium and secondary cortex D) Epidermal cells and root hairs

4. In dicotyledonous stems, where does the vascular cambium originate?

A) Entirely from the procambium B) From the interfascicular and fascicular regions C) Only from the interfascicular regions D) From the pith rays

5. What is the 'wood' that is commonly used in construction and furniture made of?

A) Primary xylem B) Secondary xylem C) Secondary phloem D) Phellem

6. The layer of cells responsible for producing cork and secondary cortex is called:

A) Vascular cambium B) Procambium C) Cork cambium (Phellogen) D) Parenchyma

7. The outermost protective layer formed during secondary growth in woody stems and roots is:

A) Epidermis B) Endodermis C) Periderm D) Cortex

8. What are the components of the periderm?

A) Secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium B) Cork, cork cambium, and secondary cortex C) Phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm D) Bark and wood

9. The cork cells (phellem) are characterized by:

A) Thin cell walls and living protoplasm B) Thick cell walls impregnated with suberin and lack protoplasm C) Active cell division for secondary growth D) Transport of sugars

10. What is the role of suberin in cork cells?

A) To facilitate water absorption B) To provide structural support C) To make the cells impermeable to water and gases D) To transport nutrients

11. What is the 'bark' of a tree in the context of secondary growth?

A) Only the secondary xylem B) The tissues outside the vascular cambium C) The tissues inside the vascular cambium D) The pith and cortex

12. The vascular cambium is a meristematic tissue that is:

A) Apical meristem B) Lateral meristem C) Intercalary meristem D) Protoderm

13. The cork cambium (phellogen) is typically derived from:

A) The vascular cambium B) The secondary xylem C) The cortex or epidermis D) The pith

14. What are lenticels?

A) A type of vascular bundle B) Areas of unsuberized cells in the bark allowing gas exchange C) The innermost layer of the cortex D) The primary xylem vessels

15. In a typical woody stem undergoing secondary growth, which tissue is located most internally?

A) Secondary phloem B) Vascular cambium C) Secondary xylem D) Cork cambium

16. The annual rings observed in the wood of perennial plants are formed due to:

A) Seasonal variations in secondary phloem production B) Seasonal variations in the activity of the vascular cambium C) Alternating layers of cork and cortex D) Variations in primary xylem growth

17. What is heartwood?

A) The actively conducting, lighter-colored wood near the periphery B) The non-conducting, darker-colored wood in the center, rich in resins and gums C) The outermost layer of secondary xylem D) The young xylem tissue

18. Sapwood is characterized by:

A) Being darker and non-conducting B) Being lighter and involved in water and mineral transport C) Being composed primarily of dead cells D) Being the oldest part of the wood

19. Which statement about secondary growth in roots is correct?

A) It occurs in all plants B) It is initiated by the vascular cambium and cork cambium C) It involves primary xylem and phloem D) It does not produce bark

20. The periderm replaces which tissue during secondary growth in roots?

A) Endodermis B) Epidermis C) Cortex D) Vascular cambium

21. In secondary growth, the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem towards the...

A) Outside B) Inside C) Top D) Bottom

22. The formation of secondary phloem by the vascular cambium occurs towards the...

A) Inside B) Outside C) Center D) Base

23. The phelloderm, a component of the periderm, consists of:

A) Dead, suberized cells B) Living parenchyma cells C) Thick-walled sclerenchyma cells D) Vascular tissue

24. Which of the following is NOT a function of secondary growth?

A) Increased mechanical support B) Enhanced water and mineral transport capacity C) Protection against desiccation and injury D) Primary root and shoot elongation

25. In a dicot stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in a:

A) Scattered manner B) Ring C) Spiral pattern D) V-shaped pattern

26. The interfascicular cambium is located between the:

A) Xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle B) Vascular bundles C) Cortex and pith D) Epidermis and cortex

27. The fascicular cambium is located:

A) Between the vascular bundles B) Within the vascular bundles C) In the pith rays D) In the cortex

28. What is the function of pith rays in secondary growth?

A) To produce secondary xylem B) To produce secondary phloem C) To form radial vascular connections and store food D) To form the periderm

29. The 'ring-porous' wood is characterized by:

A) Large vessels of earlywood and small vessels of latewood B) Uniformly small vessels throughout the growth ring C) Presence of vessels only in the latewood D) Absence of vessels

30. The 'diffuse-porous' wood is characterized by:

A) Large vessels of earlywood and small vessels of latewood B) Uniformly distributed vessels of similar size throughout the growth ring C) Presence of vessels only in the earlywood D) Absence of vessels

31. Secondary growth is generally absent in:

A) Dicotyledonous trees B) Monocotyledonous plants C) Woody shrubs D) Perennial herbs

32. The formation of adventitious roots from the stem is an example of:

A) Primary growth B) Secondary growth C) Apical growth D) Meristematic activity

33. Which tissue system is primarily responsible for secondary growth?

A) Dermal tissue system B) Ground tissue system C) Vascular tissue system D) Meristematic tissue system

34. The term 'phellem' is synonymous with:

A) Cork B) Cork cambium C) Secondary cortex D) Bark

35. The 'phellogen' is also known as:

A) Cork B) Cork cambium C) Secondary cortex D) Heartwood

36. The 'phelloderm' is also known as:

A) Cork B) Cork cambium C) Secondary cortex D) Bark

37. Secondary growth in plants leads to an increase in:

A) Number of leaves B) Height of the plant C) Diameter of stem and root D) Length of internodes

38. The vascular cambium is a layer of cells between:

A) Primary xylem and primary phloem B) Secondary xylem and secondary phloem C) Cork and cortex D) Epidermis and vascular tissue

39. Which component of the periderm is responsible for producing new cells for secondary growth?

A) Phellem B) Phelloderm C) Phellogen D) Epidermis

40. The dark color of heartwood is due to the deposition of:

A) Cellulose and hemicellulose B) Lignin and suberin C) Resins, tannins, and gums D) Starch and proteins

41. The transition from primary to secondary growth in dicot stems involves:

A) Formation of a continuous ring of vascular cambium B) Replacement of vascular cambium by cork cambium C) Dedifferentiation of pith cells D) Elongation of epidermal cells

42. Secondary growth in roots begins in the:

A) Epidermis B) Cortex C) Pericycle D) Pith

43. The pericycle in roots contributes to the formation of:

A) Primary xylem B) Primary phloem C) Lateral roots and vascular cambium D) Root cap

44. What is the significance of annual rings in trees?

A) They indicate the number of flowers produced B) They help in determining the age of the tree C) They show the direction of wind D) They represent the height of the tree

45. The growth of a tree trunk in diameter is primarily due to the activity of:

A) Apical meristems B) Intercalary meristems C) Lateral meristems (vascular cambium and cork cambium) D) Protoderm

46. Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary phloem?

A) It is located towards the inside of the stem B) It is primarily composed of dead cells C) It contains sieve tubes, companion cells, and phloem parenchyma D) It is the primary tissue for water transport

47. The 'bark' is a collective term for:

A) Secondary xylem and secondary phloem B) Vascular cambium and cork cambium C) All tissues external to the vascular cambium D) Pith and cortex

48. The activity of vascular cambium is influenced by:

A) Temperature and light intensity B) Hormones like auxins and gibberellins C) Soil moisture D) All of the above

49. The cambial activity is generally more vigorous during:

A) Winter B) Dry seasons C) Spring and summer D) Autumn

50. Secondary growth is a crucial adaptation for plants that:

A) Live in aquatic environments B) Are annuals and have a short life cycle C) Are perennial and live for many years, requiring structural support and longevity D) Are herbaceous and lack woody tissues

Secondary growth in plants - tissues and tissue systems - Online Test

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