System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes - One Line Questions

1. What is a 'state function' in thermodynamics? — A property whose value depends only on the current state of the system.
2. A system is defined as the region of interest. Its boundary is: — The interface between the system and surroundings.
3. In a cyclic process, the change in any state function is: — Always zero
4. In a 'quasi-static process', the system is: — Changed in a series of infinitesimally small steps.
5. A system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings is called: — Open system
6. What characterizes a 'isothermal process'? — Constant temperature
7. What is the defining characteristic of an 'adiabatic process'? — No heat transfer between the system and surroundings
8. Which of the following is an extensive property? — Mass
9. An 'intensive property' is one that: — Is independent of the amount of matter.
10. An 'extensive property' is one that: — Depends on the mass or amount of substance.
11. An 'isolated system' is defined by its inability to exchange which of the following with its surroundings? — Both energy and matter
12. In thermodynamics, what constitutes the 'system'? — The specific part of the universe being studied.
13. If a substance undergoes a phase transition (e.g., boiling), the temperature and pressure at which this occurs under a given external pressure are: — Intensive properties
14. Which term describes a property that is independent of the history or path taken to reach the current state? — State function
15. Enthalpy (H) is related to internal energy (U) by the equation: — H = U + PV
16. Which property is defined as the total heat content of a system at constant pressure? — Enthalpy
17. A process where the system returns to its original state after undergoing a series of changes is called: — Cyclic process
18. Which type of process can be theoretically reversed without leaving any net change in the system or surroundings? — Reversible process
19. The process of heating a gas in a sealed, rigid container would be classified as: — Isochoric
20. Which type of process occurs at constant pressure? — Isobaric process
21. Which process involves expansion or compression of a gas without any heat exchange with the surroundings? — Adiabatic process
22. What happens to the volume of an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion? — It increases
23. Which of the following is a characteristic of an 'open system'? — It exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings.
24. Which of the following is an intensive property? — Temperature
25. If you take a sample of a substance, which property remains the same regardless of the sample size? — Density
26. Which of the following is an example of an intensive property derived from two extensive properties? — Density (Mass/Volume)
27. In a 'closed system', what can be exchanged with the surroundings? — Energy only
28. Which of these properties is intensive? — Boiling point
29. Which of the following is an intensive property? — Concentration
30. A thermos flask, ideally, represents which type of thermodynamic system? — Isolated system
31. Consider a system where heat is added and work is done by the system. The change in internal energy is given by the first law of thermodynamics. Internal energy is a: — State function
32. In an isothermal process, the change in temperature (ΔT) is: — Zero
33. Which of these properties is extensive? — Gibbs free energy
34. Which of the following is NOT a state function? — Heat
35. An 'isochoric process' is one where: — Volume remains constant.
36. Which of the following is a state function? — Entropy
37. Most natural processes are: — Irreversible
38. Consider a gas in a container. If the container is suddenly broken, allowing the gas to expand into vacuum, this is an example of: — Irreversible adiabatic expansion
39. Which of the following is an example of an irreversible process? — Friction generating heat.
40. The Joule-Thomson effect is related to the change in temperature during an isothermal expansion or compression. Which property is primarily involved in this effect? — Enthalpy
41. Which of the following is an example of an extensive property? — Volume
42. If you double the amount of a substance, which property will also double? — Mass
43. What term describes everything outside the defined system in thermodynamics? — The surroundings
44. The change in a state function depends only on: — The initial and final conditions of the system.
45. What is the primary condition for a process to be considered 'isobaric'? — The pressure of the system remains constant.
46. Which of the following thermodynamic variables is NOT a state function? — Heat
47. Which of the following is a state function? — Internal Energy
48. Which of the following is a state function? — Internal energy
49. If a system undergoes a process from state A to state B, the change in a state function, say X, is denoted as: — X_B - X_A
50. During an adiabatic process, which of the following is zero? — Heat (Q)
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