System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes - Question Bank

1. What happens to the volume of an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion?
A) It decreases
B) It increases
C) It remains constant
D) It may increase or decrease depending on pressure
2. Consider a system where heat is added and work is done by the system. The change in internal energy is given by the first law of thermodynamics. Internal energy is a:
A) Path function
B) State function
C) Extensive property only
D) Intensive property only
3. Which term describes a property that is independent of the history or path taken to reach the current state?
A) Extensive property
B) Intensive property
C) State function
D) Path function
4. The process of heating a gas in a sealed, rigid container would be classified as:
A) Isobaric
B) Isothermal
C) Adiabatic
D) Isochoric
5. Which of the following is a state function?
A) Work
B) Heat
C) Internal Energy
D) Friction
6. In a cyclic process, the change in any state function is:
A) Always positive
B) Always negative
C) Always zero
D) Dependent on the path
7. Which of the following is an example of an intensive property derived from two extensive properties?
A) Mass
B) Volume
C) Density (Mass/Volume)
D) Enthalpy
8. A system is defined as the region of interest. Its boundary is:
A) A state function.
B) The interface between the system and surroundings.
C) An extensive property.
D) Always impermeable to energy.
9. Which process involves expansion or compression of a gas without any heat exchange with the surroundings?
A) Isothermal process
B) Isobaric process
C) Isochoric process
D) Adiabatic process
10. If a substance undergoes a phase transition (e.g., boiling), the temperature and pressure at which this occurs under a given external pressure are:
A) Extensive properties
B) Intensive properties
C) State functions
D) Path functions
11. Which of the following thermodynamic variables is NOT a state function?
A) Volume
B) Temperature
C) Heat
D) Pressure
12. A system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings is called:
A) Closed system
B) Isolated system
C) Open system
D) Adiabatic system
13. What is the primary condition for a process to be considered 'isobaric'?
A) The temperature of the system remains constant.
B) The volume of the system remains constant.
C) The pressure of the system remains constant.
D) There is no exchange of heat with the surroundings.
14. Consider a gas in a container. If the container is suddenly broken, allowing the gas to expand into vacuum, this is an example of:
A) Reversible isothermal expansion
B) Irreversible adiabatic expansion
C) Isobaric process
D) Isochoric process
15. If a system undergoes a process from state A to state B, the change in a state function, say X, is denoted as:
A) X_A - X_B
B) X_B - X_A
C) X_A + X_B
D) X_B / X_A
16. The Joule-Thomson effect is related to the change in temperature during an isothermal expansion or compression. Which property is primarily involved in this effect?
A) Specific heat
B) Enthalpy
C) Entropy
D) Pressure
17. Which of the following is an extensive property?
A) Density
B) Boiling point
C) Mass
D) Refractive index
18. Which of the following is an intensive property?
A) Number of moles
B) Volume
C) Concentration
D) Total heat capacity
19. Enthalpy (H) is related to internal energy (U) by the equation:
A) H = U - PV
B) H = U + PV
C) H = PV - U
D) H = U / PV
20. Which property is defined as the total heat content of a system at constant pressure?
A) Internal energy
B) Entropy
C) Enthalpy
D) Gibbs free energy
21. In a 'quasi-static process', the system is:
A) Changed very rapidly.
B) Changed in a series of infinitesimally small steps.
C) Allowed to reach equilibrium quickly.
D) Exchanged with a large amount of heat.
22. Which of the following is an example of an irreversible process?
A) Slow expansion of a gas into vacuum.
B) Melting of ice at 0°C and 1 atm.
C) Friction generating heat.
D) Gradual compression of a gas.
23. Most natural processes are:
A) Reversible
B) Irreversible
C) Cyclic
D) Isothermal
24. Which type of process can be theoretically reversed without leaving any net change in the system or surroundings?
A) Irreversible process
B) Reversible process
C) Spontaneous process
D) Exothermic process
25. A process where the system returns to its original state after undergoing a series of changes is called:
A) Irreversible process
B) Reversible process
C) Cyclic process
D) Adiabatic process
26. During an adiabatic process, which of the following is zero?
A) ΔT
B) ΔP
C) ΔV
D) Heat (Q)
27. What is the defining characteristic of an 'adiabatic process'?
A) Constant temperature
B) Constant pressure
C) Constant volume
D) No heat transfer between the system and surroundings
28. An 'isochoric process' is one where:
A) Pressure remains constant.
B) Temperature remains constant.
C) Volume remains constant.
D) Heat exchange is zero.
29. Which type of process occurs at constant pressure?
A) Isothermal process
B) Adiabatic process
C) Isochoric process
D) Isobaric process
30. In an isothermal process, the change in temperature (ΔT) is:
A) Positive
B) Negative
C) Zero
D) Variable
31. What characterizes a 'isothermal process'?
A) Constant pressure
B) Constant volume
C) Constant temperature
D) No heat exchange
32. Which of the following is a state function?
A) Quasi-static work
B) Adiabatic heat transfer
C) Entropy
D) Frictional work
33. For a state function, the change is independent of the path. For example, for internal energy (U):
A) ΔU = Q + W (where Q is heat, W is work)
B) ΔU = Q - W
C) ΔU = W - Q
D) ΔU depends on whether heat is added first or work is done first.
34. The change in a state function depends only on:
A) The initial and final conditions of the system.
B) The intermediate steps of the process.
C) The rate at which the process occurs.
D) The volume of the surroundings.
35. Which of the following is NOT a state function?
A) Pressure
B) Volume
C) Temperature
D) Heat
36. Which of the following is a state function?
A) Work done
B) Heat transferred
C) Internal energy
D) Enthalpy change during a specific path
37. What is a 'state function' in thermodynamics?
A) A property that depends on the path taken.
B) A property whose value depends only on the current state of the system.
C) A process that occurs at constant temperature.
D) The total energy exchanged with the surroundings.
38. If you double the amount of a substance, which property will also double?
A) Temperature
B) Pressure
C) Melting point
D) Mass
39. If you take a sample of a substance, which property remains the same regardless of the sample size?
A) Mass
B) Volume
C) Density
D) Enthalpy
40. Which of these properties is extensive?
A) Pressure
B) Viscosity
C) Surface tension
D) Gibbs free energy
41. Which of these properties is intensive?
A) Number of moles
B) Total energy
C) Boiling point
D) Heat capacity
42. An 'intensive property' is one that:
A) Depends on the amount of matter.
B) Is independent of the amount of matter.
C) Changes with the addition of more substance.
D) Is always a positive value.
43. Which of the following is an intensive property?
A) Mass
B) Energy
C) Temperature
D) Volume
44. An 'extensive property' is one that:
A) Depends on the mass or amount of substance.
B) Is independent of the mass or amount of substance.
C) Is a ratio of two extensive properties.
D) Describes the state of equilibrium.
45. Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
A) Temperature
B) Pressure
C) Volume
D) Density
46. An 'isolated system' is defined by its inability to exchange which of the following with its surroundings?
A) Energy only
B) Matter only
C) Both energy and matter
D) Neither energy nor matter
47. In a 'closed system', what can be exchanged with the surroundings?
A) Matter only
B) Energy only
C) Neither matter nor energy
D) Both matter and energy
48. A thermos flask, ideally, represents which type of thermodynamic system?
A) Open system
B) Closed system
C) Isolated system
D) Adiabatic system
49. Which of the following is a characteristic of an 'open system'?
A) It exchanges neither energy nor matter with its surroundings.
B) It exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings.
C) It exchanges matter but not energy with its surroundings.
D) It exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings.
50. What term describes everything outside the defined system in thermodynamics?
A) The boundary
B) The state
C) The surroundings
D) The universe
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