theodolite traversing adjustment levelling contouring curvature refraction corrections - One Line Questions

1. The combined correction for curvature and refraction for a distance 'd' (in km) is approximately: — 0.0785 d^2
2. The correction for curvature alone for a distance 'd' (in km) is approximately: — 0.0112 d^2
3. The correction for refraction alone for a distance 'd' (in km) is approximately: — 0.785 d^2
4. In contouring, what is the 'index contour'? — A contour line that is thicker and is usually labelled with its elevation
5. In levelling, what is a 'level surface'? — A surface perpendicular to the direction of gravity at all points
6. What is a contour line? — A line connecting points of equal elevation
7. What is 'rise and fall' levelling? — A method where both the difference in elevation (rise or fall) between consecutive points and the elevation of each point are calculated
8. What is a 'foresight' (FS) reading in differential levelling? — A reading taken on a point of unknown elevation, in the forward direction from the instrument
9. What is a 'backsight' (BS) reading in differential levelling? — A reading taken on a graduated staff held vertically on a point of known or assumed elevation, towards the instrument
10. Contour lines that V-shape upstream in a valley indicate: — A stream or valley
11. What is a 'cross-section' in the context of levelling for infrastructure projects? — A section taken perpendicular to the line of the project to show ground variations
12. What is a 'bench mark' (BM) in surveying? — A point of known elevation used as a reference
13. Contour lines that U-shape downstream in a ridge indicate: — A ridge
14. When the line of sight is tangential to the Earth's surface at the instrument station, the correction for curvature is: — Subtracted
15. Which correction needs to be applied to reduce the observed staff reading to the true horizontal distance due to Earth's curvature and refraction? — Subtractive correction
16. What is 'station adjustment' in a closed traverse? — Adjusting the angles at each station to satisfy the geometric conditions of the traverse
17. Which adjustment in a theodolite ensures that the horizontal axis is perpendicular to the vertical axis? — Adjustment of the plate levels
18. A contour line that forms a closed loop with higher elevations inside represents a: — Hill or peak
19. Closely spaced contour lines represent: — Steep slopes
20. The effect of the Earth's curvature on a level line of sight is to make it appear: — Higher than it actually is
21. The effect of atmospheric refraction on a level line of sight is to make it appear: — Lower than it actually is
22. In levelling, the combined effect of Earth's curvature and refraction makes the observed level line of sight appear: — Higher than the true horizontal line
23. A contour line that forms a closed loop with lower elevations inside represents a: — Depression or pit
24. For reciprocal levelling, what is the primary advantage? — It cancels out the effects of curvature and refraction
25. What is the term for the process of determining the horizontal and vertical positions of points relative to each other using a theodolite? — Traversing
26. The process of determining the latitude and departure of each course in a traverse is called: — Computation of coordinates
27. The process of determining the magnetic declination at a survey site is important for: — Establishing true bearings from magnetic bearings
28. What is a 'profile levelling'? — Levelling to determine the elevations of points along a line, typically for roads or canals
29. In theodolite traversing, what is meant by 'closing the horizon'? — Ensuring the sum of interior angles of a closed traverse equals (n-2) * 180 degrees
30. What is the 'face left' (FL) and 'face right' (FR) observation in theodolite use? — Observing the target with the telescope in its normal position and then inverted
31. In theodolite traversing, what is the process of orienting the instrument to a known direction called? — Setting up
32. When measuring a horizontal angle with a theodolite, what does 'transiting' (or plunging) the telescope mean? — Rotating the telescope 180 degrees in the vertical plane
33. Widely spaced contour lines represent: — Gentle slopes
34. What is the primary method for determining contour lines from field data? — Grid method
35. In theodolite traversing, what is 'intervisibility'? — The ability to see the target clearly from the instrument station
36. The horizontal distance between two adjacent contour lines indicates: — The steepness of the slope
37. In levelling, what is the 'height of instrument' (HI)? — The elevation of the horizontal line of sight of the instrument
38. What is the 'contour interval'? — The vertical distance between two adjacent contour lines
39. What is the 'line of collimation' in a theodolite? — The line connecting the objective lens to the point being sighted
40. What is the 'meridian' in surveying? — A fixed direction line, usually true north or south, used as a reference
41. The difference between the average foresight and average backsight readings in a levelling circuit should ideally be equal to: — Zero, if the circuit starts and ends at the same point
42. Which instrument is typically used for precise levelling? — Dumpy level or Automatic level
43. What is the purpose of measuring angles in both Face Left and Face Right positions in theodolite traversing? — To increase accuracy and eliminate errors due to imperfect adjustment
44. What is the purpose of 'adjustment' in the context of theodolite traversing? — To correct for instrumental and observational errors
45. What is the primary purpose of a theodolite in surveying? — To measure horizontal and vertical angles
46. The process of determining the relative elevations of points on the ground is known as: — Levelling
47. Which of the following is a fundamental component of a theodolite used for measuring horizontal angles? — Vernier scale or digital display
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