theodolite traversing adjustment levelling contouring curvature refraction corrections - Question Bank

1. The process of determining the magnetic declination at a survey site is important for:
A) Levelling
B) Contouring
C) Establishing true bearings from magnetic bearings
D) Calculating area
2. What is the 'meridian' in surveying?
A) The line connecting two points at the same elevation
B) A fixed direction line, usually true north or south, used as a reference
C) The line of sight of the telescope
D) The path of the sun across the sky
3. In theodolite traversing, what is 'intervisibility'?
A) The ability to see the instrument from the target
B) The ability to see the target clearly from the instrument station
C) The ability to measure both horizontal and vertical angles
D) The ability to establish a level line of sight
4. When the line of sight is tangential to the Earth's surface at the instrument station, the correction for curvature is:
A) Added
B) Subtracted
C) Zero
D) Depends on the distance
5. The correction for refraction alone for a distance 'd' (in km) is approximately:
A) 0.0112 d^2
B) 0.0785 d^2
C) 0.112 d^2
D) 0.785 d^2
6. The correction for curvature alone for a distance 'd' (in km) is approximately:
A) 0.0112 d^2
B) 0.0785 d^2
C) 0.112 d^2
D) 0.785 d^2
7. What is the primary method for determining contour lines from field data?
A) Tachometry
B) Grid method
C) Triangulation
D) Resection
8. In contouring, what is the 'index contour'?
A) A contour line that is thicker and is usually labelled with its elevation
B) A contour line representing the highest elevation
C) A contour line representing the lowest elevation
D) A contour line that is very closely spaced
9. What is a 'cross-section' in the context of levelling for infrastructure projects?
A) A section taken along the length of the project
B) A section taken perpendicular to the line of the project to show ground variations
C) A section showing the contour lines
D) A section showing the overall elevation profile
10. What is a 'profile levelling'?
A) Levelling to determine the elevations of points along a line, typically for roads or canals
B) Levelling to create contour lines
C) Levelling to establish bench marks
D) Levelling to find the difference in elevation between two distant points
11. Which instrument is typically used for precise levelling?
A) Theodolite
B) Plane table
C) Dumpy level or Automatic level
D) Total station
12. In levelling, what is the 'height of instrument' (HI)?
A) The elevation of the point on which the staff is held
B) The elevation of the ground surface
C) The elevation of the horizontal line of sight of the instrument
D) The vertical distance from the ground to the telescope
13. The process of determining the latitude and departure of each course in a traverse is called:
A) Levelling
B) Balancing the traverse
C) Computation of coordinates
D) Contouring
14. What is 'station adjustment' in a closed traverse?
A) Adjusting the length of traverse legs
B) Adjusting the angles at each station to satisfy the geometric conditions of the traverse
C) Adjusting the elevations of stations
D) Adjusting the instrument's levels
15. What is the purpose of measuring angles in both Face Left and Face Right positions in theodolite traversing?
A) To increase accuracy and eliminate errors due to imperfect adjustment
B) To measure vertical angles simultaneously
C) To speed up the process of traversing
D) To determine the elevation of points
16. What is the 'face left' (FL) and 'face right' (FR) observation in theodolite use?
A) Observing the target with the telescope in its normal position and then inverted
B) Observing the target from the left and right sides of the instrument
C) Measuring horizontal angles to the left and right
D) Checking the level bubble from left and right
17. In theodolite traversing, what is meant by 'closing the horizon'?
A) Measuring the angle to the true north
B) Ensuring the sum of interior angles of a closed traverse equals (n-2) * 180 degrees
C) Plunging the telescope after taking a reading
D) Setting up the instrument perfectly level
18. For reciprocal levelling, what is the primary advantage?
A) It eliminates the need for a level
B) It cancels out the effects of curvature and refraction
C) It is faster than differential levelling
D) It is more accurate for short distances
19. Which correction needs to be applied to reduce the observed staff reading to the true horizontal distance due to Earth's curvature and refraction?
A) Additive correction
B) Subtractive correction
C) No correction is needed
D) Reciprocal correction
20. The combined correction for curvature and refraction for a distance 'd' (in km) is approximately:
A) 0.0112 d^2
B) 0.0785 d^2
C) 0.112 d^2
D) 0.785 d^2
21. In levelling, the combined effect of Earth's curvature and refraction makes the observed level line of sight appear:
A) Higher than the true horizontal line
B) Lower than the true horizontal line
C) Coincident with the true horizontal line
D) Divergent from the true horizontal line
22. The effect of atmospheric refraction on a level line of sight is to make it appear:
A) Higher than it actually is
B) Lower than it actually is
C) The same as it actually is
D) Bent upwards
23. The effect of the Earth's curvature on a level line of sight is to make it appear:
A) Higher than it actually is
B) Lower than it actually is
C) The same as it actually is
D) Erratic
24. What is the 'contour interval'?
A) The horizontal distance between two contour lines
B) The vertical distance between two adjacent contour lines
C) The frequency with which contour lines are plotted
D) The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points
25. Contour lines that U-shape downstream in a ridge indicate:
A) A valley
B) A depression
C) A saddle
D) A ridge
26. Contour lines that V-shape upstream in a valley indicate:
A) A ridge
B) A peak
C) A stream or valley
D) A saddle
27. A contour line that forms a closed loop with lower elevations inside represents a:
A) Hill or peak
B) Depression or pit
C) Ridge
D) Plateau
28. A contour line that forms a closed loop with higher elevations inside represents a:
A) Depression
B) Hill or peak
C) Valley
D) Saddle
29. Widely spaced contour lines represent:
A) Steep slopes
B) Uniform slopes
C) Gentle slopes
D) Vertical cliffs
30. Closely spaced contour lines represent:
A) Gentle slopes
B) Uniform slopes
C) Steep slopes
D) Flat terrain
31. The horizontal distance between two adjacent contour lines indicates:
A) The direction of the slope
B) The steepness of the slope
C) The length of the contour line
D) The elevation difference between the lines
32. What is a contour line?
A) A line connecting points of equal horizontal distance
B) A line connecting points of equal elevation
C) A line representing the direction of steepest slope
D) A line marking the boundary of a survey area
33. What is 'rise and fall' levelling?
A) A method to determine horizontal distances
B) A method where both the difference in elevation (rise or fall) between consecutive points and the elevation of each point are calculated
C) A method used for contouring
D) A method to measure vertical angles
34. The difference between the average foresight and average backsight readings in a levelling circuit should ideally be equal to:
A) The total horizontal distance covered
B) The difference in elevation between the start and end points
C) Zero, if the circuit starts and ends at the same point
D) The sum of all intermediate sight readings
35. What is a 'foresight' (FS) reading in differential levelling?
A) A reading taken on a point in the backward direction of the survey
B) A reading taken on a point of unknown elevation, in the forward direction from the instrument
C) A reading taken on a bench mark
D) A reading taken on the starting point of a level line
36. What is a 'backsight' (BS) reading in differential levelling?
A) A reading taken on a point in the forward direction of the survey
B) A reading taken on a point of known elevation
C) A reading taken on a graduated staff held vertically on a point of known or assumed elevation, towards the instrument
D) A reading taken on a point where the instrument is to be moved next
37. What is a 'bench mark' (BM) in surveying?
A) A temporary point used for sighting
B) A point of known elevation used as a reference
C) A point used to establish horizontal control
D) A point marking the end of a traverse leg
38. In levelling, what is a 'level surface'?
A) A flat, horizontal surface
B) A surface perpendicular to the direction of gravity at all points
C) A surface parallel to the mean sea level
D) A surface defined by a constant elevation
39. The process of determining the relative elevations of points on the ground is known as:
A) Traversing
B) Contouring
C) Levelling
D) Setting out
40. Which adjustment in a theodolite ensures that the horizontal axis is perpendicular to the vertical axis?
A) Adjustment of the plate levels
B) Adjustment of the telescope's objective
C) Adjustment of the vertical circle index
D) Adjustment of the line of collimation
41. What is the purpose of 'adjustment' in the context of theodolite traversing?
A) To increase the magnification of the telescope
B) To correct for instrumental and observational errors
C) To measure the curvature of the Earth
D) To determine the magnetic declination
42. When measuring a horizontal angle with a theodolite, what does 'transiting' (or plunging) the telescope mean?
A) Rotating the telescope 180 degrees in the horizontal plane
B) Rotating the telescope 180 degrees in the vertical plane
C) Moving the telescope from left to right
D) Locking the horizontal clamp
43. What is the 'line of collimation' in a theodolite?
A) The line connecting the eyepiece to the objective lens
B) The line connecting the objective lens to the point being sighted
C) The horizontal line passing through the optical center of the telescope
D) The line representing the direction of gravity
44. Which of the following is a fundamental component of a theodolite used for measuring horizontal angles?
A) Vertical circle
B) Telescope
C) Vernier scale or digital display
D) Leveling screws
45. What is the term for the process of determining the horizontal and vertical positions of points relative to each other using a theodolite?
A) Levelling
B) Contouring
C) Traversing
D) Triangulation
46. In theodolite traversing, what is the process of orienting the instrument to a known direction called?
A) Plunging
B) Setting up
C) Centering
D) Reconnaissance
47. What is the primary purpose of a theodolite in surveying?
A) To measure vertical distances
B) To measure horizontal and vertical angles
C) To determine the area of irregular shapes
D) To establish elevation points
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