TRB PG Assistant - Biomolecules – carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, vitamins Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. Which of the following is the simplest form of carbohydrate, often referred to as a simple sugar?

A) Polysaccharide B) Disaccharide C) Monosaccharide D) Oligosaccharide

2. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

A) Energy storage and structural support B) Catalysis of biochemical reactions C) Transmission of genetic information D) Regulation of metabolic processes

3. Which polysaccharide serves as the main energy storage form in plants?

A) Glycogen B) Cellulose C) Chitin D) Starch

4. Glycogen, the storage form of glucose in animals, is primarily found in which two organs?

A) Brain and kidneys B) Liver and muscles C) Heart and lungs D) Intestines and stomach

5. Cellulose, a major structural component of plant cell walls, is a polymer of which monosaccharide?

A) Fructose B) Galactose C) Glucose D) Mannose

6. Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes?

A) Triglycerides B) Steroids C) Phospholipids D) Waxes

7. Triglycerides are esters formed from glycerol and which type of molecule?

A) Amino acids B) Fatty acids C) Monosaccharides D) Nucleotides

8. What is the main function of triglycerides in animals?

A) Hormone production B) Enzyme activity C) Long-term energy storage D) Vitamin synthesis

9. Which class of lipids includes hormones like testosterone and estrogen, and cholesterol?

A) Fatty acids B) Phospholipids C) Steroids D) Triglycerides

10. Saturated fatty acids have which characteristic in their hydrocarbon chain?

A) At least one double bond B) No double bonds C) Multiple double bonds D) A ring structure

11. What are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins?

A) Nucleotides B) Monosaccharides C) Amino acids D) Fatty acids

12. The bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain is called a:

A) Glycosidic bond B) Ester bond C) Peptide bond D) Phosphodiester bond

13. Which level of protein structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids?

A) Primary structure B) Secondary structure C) Tertiary structure D) Quaternary structure

14. Alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets are examples of which level of protein structure?

A) Primary structure B) Secondary structure C) Tertiary structure D) Quaternary structure

15. The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, including all secondary and tertiary structural elements, defines its:

A) Primary structure B) Secondary structure C) Tertiary structure D) Quaternary structure

16. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

A) Enzyme catalysis B) Immune defense C) Hormonal regulation D) Genetic information storage

17. What are the two main types of nucleic acids found in living organisms?

A) RNA and protein B) DNA and lipid C) DNA and RNA D) Carbohydrate and DNA

18. Which nucleic acid carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms?

A) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) B) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) C) Transfer RNA (tRNA) D) Messenger RNA (mRNA)

19. The basic building block of nucleic acids is the:

A) Amino acid B) Monosaccharide C) Fatty acid D) Nucleotide

20. A nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a:

A) Amino acid B) Nitrogenous base C) Fatty acid D) Glycerol molecule

21. In DNA, the nitrogenous bases Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with:

A) Adenine (A) B) Guanine (G) C) Cytosine (C) D) Uracil (U)

22. Which sugar is found in RNA?

A) Deoxyribose B) Ribose C) Glucose D) Fructose

23. Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not typically in RNA?

A) Adenine B) Guanine C) Cytosine D) Thymine

24. The process of synthesizing proteins from an mRNA template is called:

A) Transcription B) Replication C) Translation D) Transduction

25. Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small quantities for the proper functioning of an organism. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin B12 C) Vitamin A D) Folic acid

26. Which vitamin is crucial for blood clotting?

A) Vitamin D B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin K D) Vitamin B6

27. A deficiency in Vitamin D can lead to which condition in children?

A) Scurvy B) Pellagra C) Rickets D) Night blindness

28. Which vitamin is known as ascorbic acid and is important for collagen synthesis and as an antioxidant?

A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B1 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin E

29. The 'B' vitamins are generally a group of compounds that function as:

A) Antioxidants B) Coenzymes C) Hormones D) Structural components

30. Which B vitamin deficiency causes beriberi?

A) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) B) Vitamin B3 (Niacin) C) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) D) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

31. Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of which B vitamin?

A) Folic acid B) Vitamin B12 C) Niacin (Vitamin B3) D) Pantothenic acid

32. Which vitamin is essential for vision, particularly in dim light, and is found in carrots?

A) Vitamin D B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin K D) Vitamin A

33. Vitamin E's primary role in the body is as a(n):

A) Blood clotting factor B) Antioxidant C) Energy source D) Bone mineralizer

34. What is the chemical name for Vitamin B12?

A) Cobalamin B) Biotin C) Cyanocobalamin D) Retinol

35. Which type of carbohydrate is characterized by containing more than 10 monosaccharide units linked together?

A) Monosaccharide B) Disaccharide C) Oligosaccharide D) Polysaccharide

36. Lactose, the sugar found in milk, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and which other monosaccharide?

A) Fructose B) Galactose C) Sucrose D) Mannose

37. Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, is a disaccharide made up of glucose and:

A) Galactose B) Fructose C) Maltose D) Lactose

38. Which amino acid is unique because it is an imino acid, where the side chain is bonded back to the amino group?

A) Glycine B) Alanine C) Proline D) Serine

39. Denaturation of proteins involves the disruption of their secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not their:

A) Hydrogen bonds B) Ionic bonds C) Peptide bonds D) Hydrophobic interactions

40. The sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA molecule determines the sequence of:

A) Amino acids in a protein B) Fatty acids in a lipid C) Monosaccharides in a polysaccharide D) Sugars in a DNA molecule

41. Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

A) Messenger RNA (mRNA) B) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) C) Transfer RNA (tRNA) D) Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

42. The double helix structure of DNA was famously discovered by Watson and Crick, based in part on the X-ray diffraction data of:

A) Linus Pauling B) Rosalind Franklin C) Erwin Chargaff D) Maurice Wilkins

43. Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

A) They are typically solid at room temperature. B) They contain only single bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain. C) They contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain. D) They are more stable than saturated fatty acids.

44. Which is a primary function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

A) Providing immediate energy B) Facilitating rapid movement of membrane proteins C) Modulating membrane fluidity D) Acting as a coenzyme

45. The tertiary structure of a protein is stabilized by interactions between the R-groups of amino acids. Which of the following interactions is NOT typically involved?

A) Hydrogen bonds B) Ionic bonds C) Peptide bonds D) Hydrophobic interactions

46. Which molecule serves as the template for protein synthesis during transcription?

A) Transfer RNA (tRNA) B) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) C) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) D) Messenger RNA (mRNA)

47. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin E

48. What is the main difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their sugar component?

A) DNA contains ribose, RNA contains deoxyribose. B) DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose. C) Both contain ribose. D) Both contain deoxyribose.

49. Which of the following is a function of lipids?

A) Primary energy source B) Catalysis of biochemical reactions C) Transmission of genetic information D) Building blocks of enzymes

50. Which polysaccharide provides structural support in fungi and the exoskeleton of arthropods?

A) Cellulose B) Starch C) Glycogen D) Chitin

Biomolecules – carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, vitamins - Online Test

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