Early medieval invasions and Sultanates - Arab conquest of Sindh, Muslim invasions, Slave dynasty, Alauddin Khilji, Tughlaqs, Society, religion and culture under Vijayanagar rule - Online Test

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1. Who led the Arab conquest of Sindh in 712 CE?

A) Mahmud of Ghazni B) Muhammad bin Qasim C) Muhammad Ghori D) Genghis Khan

2. The Arab conquest of Sindh primarily targeted which major city?

A) Multan B) Uch C) Debal D) Mansura

3. Which ruler is credited with initiating the first significant Turkish invasions into India in the early 11th century?

A) Muhammad Ghori B) Alauddin Khilji C) Mahmud of Ghazni D) Qutb-ud-din Aibak

4. Mahmud of Ghazni famously raided which important Indian temple city multiple times?

A) Bodh Gaya B) Varanasi C) Mathura D) Somnath

5. The Battle of Tarain (1191) saw Muhammad Ghori defeated by:

A) Prithviraj Chauhan B) Jayachandra C) Ghaznavid forces D) The Chola king

6. The founder of the Slave Dynasty (Mamluk Dynasty) in Delhi was:

A) Iltutmish B) Raziya Sultana C) Qutb-ud-din Aibak D) Balban

7. Who completed the construction of the Qutub Minar?

A) Qutb-ud-din Aibak B) Iltutmish C) Alauddin Khilji D) Feroz Shah Tughlaq

8. The famous 'Tughlaqnama' was written by which contemporary poet during the Tughlaq era?

A) Amir Khusrau B) Kalhana C) Vidyapati D) Raskhan

9. Iltutmish is known for introducing which administrative reform?

A) Introduction of the Iqta system B) Creation of the Diwan-i-Bandagan C) Establishment of the Diwan-i-Arz D) Abolition of the Jaziya tax

10. Balban, a ruler of the Slave Dynasty, adopted the policy of 'Blood and Iron' primarily to:

A) Expand the empire B) Suppress internal rebellions and consolidate power C) Promote religious tolerance D) Encourage trade and commerce

11. Who was known as the 'Lakh Baksh' (giver of lakhs)?

A) Iltutmish B) Qutb-ud-din Aibak C) Balban D) Raziya Sultana

12. The Khilji dynasty was founded by:

A) Jalal-ud-din Khilji B) Alauddin Khilji C) Malik Kafur D) Shihab-ud-din Omar

13. Alauddin Khilji's market control policy was primarily aimed at:

A) Increasing the revenue of the state B) Ensuring the welfare of the soldiers and common people C) Encouraging foreign trade D) Promoting agricultural production

14. Which of the following was NOT a reform of Alauddin Khilji?

A) Market regulations (Sahan-i-Mandis) B) Introduction of the Jaziya tax C) Establishment of the Diwan-i-Mustakhraj D) Creation of a standing army

15. The Diwan-i-Arz, a military department, was established by:

A) Alauddin Khilji B) Balban C) Iltutmish D) Qutb-ud-din Aibak

16. The Tughlaq dynasty was founded by:

A) Muhammad bin Tughlaq B) Feroz Shah Tughlaq C) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq D) Nasir-ud-din Khusrau Shah

17. Muhammad bin Tughlaq is infamous for his controversial policy of:

A) Transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad B) Abolition of the Iqta system C) Introduction of the Jaziya tax D) Construction of the Qutub Minar

18. Which ruler introduced the token currency system in India?

A) Alauddin Khilji B) Muhammad bin Tughlaq C) Feroz Shah Tughlaq D) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

19. Feroz Shah Tughlaq established several cities, including:

A) Agra B) Fatehpur Sikri C) Jaunpur and Hissar D) Srinagar

20. The Diwan-i-Bandagan, a department for slaves, was created by:

A) Muhammad bin Tughlaq B) Feroz Shah Tughlaq C) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq D) Alauddin Khilji

21. The Vijayanagar Empire was founded in the 14th century by:

A) Krishnadevaraya B) Harihara I and Bukka I C) Sadasiva Raya D) Vira Narasimha

22. The capital of the Vijayanagar Empire was:

A) Madurai B) Warangal C) Hampi D) Mysore

23. Which dynasty ruled the Vijayanagar Empire during its peak period under Krishnadevaraya?

A) Sangama Dynasty B) Saluva Dynasty C) Tuluva Dynasty D) Aravidu Dynasty

24. Krishnadevaraya was a contemporary of which Mughal emperor?

A) Babur B) Humayun C) Akbar D) Jahangir

25. The famous Virupaksha Temple at Hampi is associated with which empire?

A) Chola Empire B) Pala Empire C) Vijayanagar Empire D) Bahmani Sultanate

26. The 'Ashtadiggajas' were a group of eight renowned Telugu poets patronized by:

A) Harihara II B) Deva Raya II C) Krishnadevaraya D) Sadasiva Raya

27. What was the primary language of administration and literature in the Vijayanagar Empire?

A) Sanskrit and Kannada B) Tamil and Telugu C) Sanskrit and Telugu D) Kannada and Tamil

28. The Battle of Talikota (1565) resulted in the defeat and decline of:

A) The Bahmani Sultanate B) The Vijayanagar Empire C) The Sultanate of Delhi D) The Rajput Confederacy

29. Which European traveler visited the Vijayanagar Empire during the reign of Deva Raya II and described its grandeur?

A) Marco Polo B) Ibn Battuta C) Domingos Paes D) Nicolo Conti

30. The administrative system of the Vijayanagar Empire was characterized by:

A) Centralized bureaucracy B) Decentralized village assemblies (Ur and Sabha) C) Abolition of provincial governors D) Direct rule by the king without intermediaries

31. Which of the following was a significant economic activity promoted by the Vijayanagar rulers?

A) Silk production B) Diamond mining and trade C) Spice cultivation D) Indigo farming

32. The religious policy of the Vijayanagar rulers was generally:

A) Exclusively Shaivite B) Exclusively Vaishnavite C) Tolerant towards different Hindu sects and other religions D) Forced conversion to Hinduism

33. The Vijayanagar rulers used the title 'Swayamvara' to signify:

A) Their military prowess B) Their religious authority C) Their claim to divine right D) Their patronage of arts and literature

34. The 'Nayankara' system in the Vijayanagar Empire was a form of:

A) Land revenue administration B) Military organization and provincial governance C) Judicial system D) Religious endowment

35. The Hampi ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are remnants of which historical entity?

A) The Bahmani Sultanate B) The Vijayanagar Empire C) The Chera Kingdom D) The Pandya Kingdom

36. Which of the following was a major rival of the Vijayanagar Empire in the Deccan?

A) The Rajput states B) The Delhi Sultanate C) The Bahmani Sultanate D) The Pala Empire

37. The practice of Sati was prevalent in the Vijayanagar society, as noted by foreign travelers. This indicates:

A) A matriarchal social structure B) A patriarchal social structure with specific customs C) A society with no regard for women's lives D) A practice unique to the Vijayanagar rulers

38. The Vijayanagar rulers were great patrons of:

A) Islamic architecture B) Buddhist art C) Dravidian architecture and sculpture D) Indo-Islamic fusion art

39. The term 'Amuktamalyada' refers to a significant literary work in Telugu, authored by:

A) Allasani Peddana B) Nandi Timmana C) Krishnadevaraya D) Tenali Ramakrishna

40. The Vijayanagar Empire's economy was heavily reliant on:

A) Fur trade B) Agriculture and extensive trade networks C) Forest produce D) Slave labor

41. Which historical event marked the end of the direct rule of the Tughlaq dynasty over Delhi?

A) The invasion of Timur (Tamerlane) in 1398 B) The establishment of the Sayyid dynasty C) The rise of the Lodi dynasty D) The Battle of Panipat

42. The 'Diwan-i-Kohi' (Department of Agriculture) was established by which ruler to promote cultivation?

A) Alauddin Khilji B) Muhammad bin Tughlaq C) Feroz Shah Tughlaq D) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

43. The first major Muslim invasion of North India that established a lasting Sultanate was led by:

A) Mahmud of Ghazni B) Muhammad Ghori C) Qutb-ud-din Aibak D) Iltutmish

44. The 'Chihalgani' or 'The Forty', a council of Turkish nobles, was a significant power block during the reign of:

A) Qutb-ud-din Aibak B) Iltutmish C) Balban D) Raziya Sultana

45. Balban's theory of kingship emphasized:

A) Divine right of kings B) Consultation with nobles C) Popular sovereignty D) Equality of all subjects

46. The city of Jaunpur was founded by Feroz Shah Tughlaq in memory of:

A) His father Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq B) His cousin Muhammad bin Tughlaq C) His own victory D) His mentor

47. The Vijayanagar Empire faced significant cultural exchange with:

A) The Roman Empire B) The Chinese Empire C) The Persian and Arab traders D) The Byzantine Empire

48. The Vijayanagar rulers' policy towards their feudatories (Nayakas) was:

A) To grant them complete autonomy B) To maintain strict central control and demand tribute C) To abolish the Nayankara system entirely D) To replace them with direct royal officials

49. The socio-religious movement associated with the Vijayanagar period, emphasizing Bhakti, was led by figures like:

A) Adi Shankaracharya B) Chaitanya Mahaprabhu C) Kabir and Guru Nanak D) Vidyaranya and Vadiraja Tirtha

50. The economic prosperity of the Vijayanagar Empire was also boosted by its control over the lucrative trade in:

A) Horses B) Spices and precious stones C) Iron ore D) Textiles

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