Biomolecules – carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, vitamins - Question Bank
1. Which polysaccharide provides structural support in fungi and the exoskeleton of arthropods?
2. Which of the following is a function of lipids?
3. What is the main difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their sugar component?
4. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation?
5. Which molecule serves as the template for protein synthesis during transcription?
6. The tertiary structure of a protein is stabilized by interactions between the R-groups of amino acids. Which of the following interactions is NOT typically involved?
7. Which is a primary function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?
9. The double helix structure of DNA was famously discovered by Watson and Crick, based in part on the X-ray diffraction data of:
10. Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
11. The sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA molecule determines the sequence of:
12. Denaturation of proteins involves the disruption of their secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not their:
13. Which amino acid is unique because it is an imino acid, where the side chain is bonded back to the amino group?
14. Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, is a disaccharide made up of glucose and:
15. Lactose, the sugar found in milk, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and which other monosaccharide?
16. Which type of carbohydrate is characterized by containing more than 10 monosaccharide units linked together?
17. What is the chemical name for Vitamin B12?
18. Vitamin E's primary role in the body is as a(n):
19. Which vitamin is essential for vision, particularly in dim light, and is found in carrots?
20. Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of which B vitamin?
21. Which B vitamin deficiency causes beriberi?
22. The 'B' vitamins are generally a group of compounds that function as:
23. Which vitamin is known as ascorbic acid and is important for collagen synthesis and as an antioxidant?
24. A deficiency in Vitamin D can lead to which condition in children?
25. Which vitamin is crucial for blood clotting?
26. Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small quantities for the proper functioning of an organism. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
27. The process of synthesizing proteins from an mRNA template is called:
28. Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not typically in RNA?
29. Which sugar is found in RNA?
30. In DNA, the nitrogenous bases Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with:
31. A nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a:
32. The basic building block of nucleic acids is the:
33. Which nucleic acid carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms?
34. What are the two main types of nucleic acids found in living organisms?
35. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
36. The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, including all secondary and tertiary structural elements, defines its:
37. Alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets are examples of which level of protein structure?
38. Which level of protein structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids?
39. The bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain is called a:
40. What are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins?
41. Saturated fatty acids have which characteristic in their hydrocarbon chain?
42. Which class of lipids includes hormones like testosterone and estrogen, and cholesterol?
43. What is the main function of triglycerides in animals?
44. Triglycerides are esters formed from glycerol and which type of molecule?
45. Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes?
46. Cellulose, a major structural component of plant cell walls, is a polymer of which monosaccharide?
47. Glycogen, the storage form of glucose in animals, is primarily found in which two organs?
48. Which polysaccharide serves as the main energy storage form in plants?
49. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
50. Which of the following is the simplest form of carbohydrate, often referred to as a simple sugar?