Cellular organization – prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, ultrastructure and functions of organelles - Question Bank
1. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells?
2. The internal membrane system of eukaryotic cells, involved in synthesis and transport, is the:
3. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
4. What is the function of the nuclear pores?
5. The term 'cytoplasm' includes the cytosol and the:
6. Which organelle contains the enzymes necessary for the breakdown of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances?
7. The outer boundary of an animal cell is the:
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes?
9. The process of breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen is carried out by:
10. Which component is found in the plasma membrane but not typically in the cell wall of a plant cell?
11. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into structures called:
12. Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?
13. The term 'ultrastructure' refers to:
14. Which of the following is the primary component of the cytoskeleton?
15. The presence of a cell wall made of peptidoglycan is characteristic of:
16. Which of the following organelles is involved in intracellular digestion and waste removal?
17. What is the role of the nucleolus?
18. The 'fluid mosaic model' describes the structure of the:
19. Which type of cell lacks a cell wall?
20. Where do the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis take place within the chloroplast?
21. The stacks of flattened sacs within chloroplasts, where light-dependent reactions occur, are called:
22. What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?
23. The internal fluid-filled space within the mitochondrion is called the:
24. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of steroids and detoxification of drugs and poisons?
25. What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?
26. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is primarily involved in:
27. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells that differentiates them from prokaryotic cells?
28. Which of the following is NOT typically found in prokaryotic cells?
29. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, providing:
30. In plant cells, a large central vacuole plays a role in:
31. What are peroxisomes primarily involved in?
32. Which part of the nucleus is primarily involved in ribosome synthesis?
33. The nucleus contains the cell's:
34. What is the function of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?
35. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of a:
36. Which structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell?
37. Ribosomes are composed of:
38. What is the function of ribosomes?
39. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells and some algae?
40. The site of cellular respiration and ATP production in eukaryotic cells is the:
41. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down waste materials and cellular debris?
42. What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus (or Golgi complex)?
43. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with which structures, giving it a 'rough' appearance?
44. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids?
45. The powerhouse of the eukaryotic cell is the:
46. Which organelle is responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy?
47. The genetic material in prokaryotes is typically found in a region called the:
48. What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotes like bacteria?
49. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of:
50. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?