Gametogenesis, fertilization, embryo development, gastrulation - Question Bank
1. Which of the following is an example of induction during embryonic development?
2. The formation of the neural tube from the ectoderm is a crucial part of:
3. What is the fate of the blastocoel during gastrulation?
4. The second meiotic division in oogenesis is completed only upon:
5. The first meiotic division in oogenesis produces a large secondary oocyte and a small:
6. What is the primary role of the sperm's acrosome?
7. The formation of somites, blocks of mesoderm that give rise to vertebrae and muscles, is called:
8. What is the process of sperm maturation that occurs in the female reproductive tract, enabling it to fertilize an egg?
9. The primitive gut formed during gastrulation is known as the:
10. The epiblast and hypoblast are layers present in the blastocyst of which organism?
11. What is the term for the formation of the three germ layers from the blastoderm in a bird embryo?
12. The invagination of cells to form the archenteron during gastrulation in sea urchins is an example of:
13. In sea urchins, the first opening formed during gastrulation is called the:
14. The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function is called:
15. What is the first sign of embryonic development after fertilization?
16. The allantois in amniotes functions in:
17. The yolk sac primarily functions to provide nutrients to the developing embryo in which group of animals?
18. Which extraembryonic membrane contributes to the formation of the placenta in mammals?
19. The extraembryonic membrane that encloses the embryo in amniotic fluid is the:
20. In human development, implantation typically occurs around which day post-fertilization?
21. What is the process of implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall?
22. The initial formation of the nervous system from the ectoderm is called:
23. What is the term for the development of specialized cells and tissues from the germ layers?
24. The process where cells change their shape and position to form the germ layers is called:
25. Which structure forms the anterior end of the primitive streak in avian embryos, signaling the formation of the head?
26. In chick embryo development, gastrulation involves the formation of a primitive streak and:
27. The inner germ layer that forms the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory system is the:
28. The middle germ layer that forms muscles, bones, and circulatory system is the:
29. The outer germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system and epidermis is the:
30. Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary germ layers formed during gastrulation?
31. What is the process by which the three primary germ layers are formed?
32. The outer layer of the blastocyst that contributes to the placenta is called the:
33. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will eventually form the:
34. In mammalian development, the blastula is specifically called a:
35. What is the hollow ball of cells that forms after the morula stage?
36. A solid ball of cells formed after several rounds of cleavage is called a:
37. What is the rapid series of mitotic cell divisions that occur in the zygote?
38. What is the term for the first cell formed after fertilization?
39. What is the physiological block to polyspermy, preventing multiple sperm from fertilizing one egg?
40. The acrosome reaction involves the release of enzymes that help the sperm penetrate which layers of the egg?
41. What is the glycoprotein layer surrounding the mammalian egg that sperm must penetrate?
42. In mammals, where does fertilization typically occur?
43. What is the fusion of male and female gametes called?
44. Which cell is released from the ovary during ovulation, and is arrested in Metaphase II of meiosis?
45. What is the unequal division of cytoplasm during oogenesis called?
46. In oogenesis, what is the diploid cell that begins meiosis and is arrested in Prophase I?
47. What is the final product of spermatogenesis?
48. Which stage of meiosis involves homologous chromosomes pairing up and crossing over?
49. In spermatogenesis, what is the diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce spermatids?
50. What is the primary process by which germ cells (sperm and egg) are produced?