Heat, work and internal energy, first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes - Question Bank

1. When a gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, its final temperature is:
A) Higher than the initial temperature
B) Lower than the initial temperature
C) Equal to the initial temperature
D) Unrelated to the initial temperature
2. Which process is represented by the equation P V^γ = constant?
A) Isothermal
B) Isobaric
C) Isochoric
D) Adiabatic
3. In an isothermal process, the change in internal energy of an ideal gas is zero because:
A) Pressure is constant
B) Volume is constant
C) Temperature is constant
D) Heat exchanged is zero
4. If heat is added to a system at constant volume, all the heat energy goes into increasing the:
A) Work done
B) Internal energy
C) Temperature
D) Pressure
5. During an adiabatic process, the work done by the gas is given by:
A) nCv(T1 - T2)
B) nCp(T1 - T2)
C) nR(T1 - T2)
D) 0
6. The internal energy of a system is a function of:
A) Pressure only
B) Volume only
C) Temperature only
D) Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
7. Which of the following correctly represents the relationship between Cp, Cv, and R for an ideal gas?
A) Cp - Cv = R
B) Cv - Cp = R
C) Cp + Cv = R
D) Cp * Cv = R
8. What is the work done when a gas expands from volume V1 to V2 at constant pressure P?
A) P(V2 - V1)
B) P(V1 - V2)
C) 0
D) P/(V2 - V1)
9. A process in which no heat enters or leaves the system is called:
A) Isothermal
B) Isobaric
C) Isochoric
D) Adiabatic
10. An isothermal process is a slow process because:
A) Heat transfer is rapid
B) Work done is zero
C) Temperature change is zero
D) Heat transfer is slow enough to maintain constant temperature
11. In the First Law of Thermodynamics, if work is done on the system (W < 0) and heat is released by the system (Q < 0), then ΔU = Q - W becomes:
A) ΔU = (-Q) - (-W)
B) ΔU = Q + W
C) ΔU = Q - W
D) ΔU = -Q + W
12. For an ideal diatomic gas, the value of γ is approximately:
A) 1.4
B) 1.67
C) 1.33
D) 1.2
13. For an ideal monatomic gas, the value of γ is approximately:
A) 1.4
B) 1.67
C) 1.33
D) 1.2
14. The specific heat capacity of a gas at constant pressure is denoted by:
A) Cp
B) Cv
C) R
D) γ
15. The specific heat capacity of a gas at constant volume is denoted by:
A) Cp
B) Cv
C) R
D) γ
16. In an adiabatic process, if the volume decreases, the pressure:
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Remains constant
D) Becomes zero
17. An ideal gas is compressed isothermally. What happens to its internal energy?
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains the same
D) Becomes zero
18. If 100 J of heat is supplied to a system and the work done by the system is 30 J, the change in internal energy is:
A) 70 J
B) 130 J
C) -70 J
D) -130 J
19. Which type of process requires the system to be perfectly insulated from its surroundings?
A) Isothermal
B) Isobaric
C) Isochoric
D) Adiabatic
20. During an adiabatic process, the ratio of work done to the change in internal energy is:
A) γ
B) 1/γ
C) γ-1
D) 1/(γ-1)
21. In an isothermal process, the product of pressure and volume (PV) for an ideal gas is:
A) Variable
B) Constant
C) Zero
D) Dependent on heat
22. If ΔU is positive and ΔW is negative (work done on the system), then ΔQ must be:
A) Positive
B) Negative
C) Zero
D) Cannot be determined
23. The First Law of Thermodynamics can be written as ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW. Here, ΔW represents:
A) Work done on the system
B) Work done by the system
C) Change in volume
D) Change in pressure
24. Which process involves no change in volume?
A) Isothermal
B) Adiabatic
C) Isobaric
D) Isochoric
25. What happens to the temperature of a gas during adiabatic expansion?
A) It increases
B) It decreases
C) It remains constant
D) It depends on the amount of gas
26. The equation of state for an adiabatic process for an ideal gas is:
A) PV^γ = constant
B) PV = nRT
C) V/T = constant
D) P/T = constant
27. In an isothermal compression, work is done ______ the system, and heat is ______.
A) by, absorbed
B) on, released
C) on, absorbed
D) by, released
28. The internal energy of a system increases if:
A) Heat is removed and work is done by the system
B) Heat is supplied and work is done on the system
C) Heat is removed and work is done on the system
D) Heat is supplied and work is done by the system
29. Which statement is true for an adiabatic process?
A) ΔQ = 0
B) ΔT = 0
C) ΔW = 0
D) ΔU = 0
30. In a cyclic process, the net change in internal energy of the system is:
A) Always positive
B) Always negative
C) Zero
D) Equal to the net heat exchanged
31. What is the work done by an ideal gas during an isothermal expansion from volume V1 to V2 at temperature T?
A) nRT ln(V2/V1)
B) nRT (V2 - V1)
C) nR(T2 - T1)
D) 0
32. For an ideal gas, the internal energy depends only on:
A) Pressure
B) Volume
C) Temperature
D) Heat capacity
33. If a system does work on the surroundings and no heat is exchanged, its internal energy:
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains constant
D) Becomes equal to the work done
34. In an isobaric process, the ______ remains constant.
A) Volume
B) Temperature
C) Pressure
D) Internal energy
35. Which thermodynamic process is characterized by constant volume?
A) Isothermal
B) Adiabatic
C) Isobaric
D) Isochoric
36. When a gas expands adiabatically, its internal energy:
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains constant
D) Becomes zero
37. If heat is supplied to a system and no work is done by the system, then the change in internal energy is equal to:
A) Zero
B) The heat supplied
C) The negative of the heat supplied
D) The work done
38. The term 'γ' (gamma) in the adiabatic process equation represents the ratio of:
A) Specific heat at constant volume to specific heat at constant pressure
B) Specific heat at constant pressure to specific heat at constant volume
C) Molar specific heat at constant volume to gas constant
D) Molar specific heat at constant pressure to gas constant
39. For an adiabatic process, the relationship between pressure and volume is given by:
A) PV^γ = constant
B) PV = constant
C) V/T = constant
D) P/T = constant
40. In an isothermal process, PV = constant. If the volume of an ideal gas is doubled, its pressure becomes:
A) Double
B) Half
C) Four times
D) One-fourth
41. If a system absorbs heat (Q > 0) and does work (W > 0), its internal energy change (ΔU) is given by:
A) ΔU = Q + W
B) ΔU = Q - W
C) ΔU = W - Q
D) ΔU = -Q - W
42. The First Law of Thermodynamics is a statement of the conservation of:
A) Mass
B) Momentum
C) Energy
D) Charge
43. In an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, the gas:
A) Warms up
B) Cools down
C) Maintains constant temperature
D) Experiences no temperature change
44. For an ideal gas undergoing an isothermal process, the change in internal energy is:
A) Always positive
B) Always negative
C) Zero
D) Dependent on pressure
45. During an adiabatic process, there is no exchange of ______ between the system and its surroundings.
A) Work
B) Heat
C) Volume
D) Pressure
46. In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains:
A) Constant
B) Increasing
C) Decreasing
D) Zero
47. According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, the change in internal energy of a system is equal to:
A) Heat supplied plus work done by the system
B) Heat supplied minus work done by the system
C) Work done by the system minus heat supplied
D) Heat supplied multiplied by work done
48. Work done by a gas during expansion is considered:
A) Positive
B) Negative
C) Zero
D) Dependent on temperature
49. Which of the following is a measure of the internal energy of a system?
A) Temperature
B) Pressure
C) Volume
D) Heat
50. What is the SI unit of heat?
A) Celsius
B) Joule
C) Watt
D) Calorie
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