Homolytic and heterolytic bond fission radicals carbocations carbanions - Question Bank
1. A single-headed curved arrow in reaction mechanisms signifies the movement of:
2. In the context of organic reaction mechanisms, what does a curved arrow typically represent?
3. What kind of species is NH3, which can donate a pair of electrons?
4. What kind of species is BF3, which can accept a pair of electrons?
5. The stability of carbanions is enhanced by:
6. The stability of carbocations is enhanced by:
7. Which of the following is a possible intermediate in the free radical halogenation of alkanes?
8. Consider the heterolytic fission of CH3Br. The bromide ion (Br-) is formed because:
9. What is the term for a species that contains an unpaired electron and is highly reactive?
10. Which species has an excess of electrons at the carbon atom?
11. Which species has an electron deficiency at the carbon atom?
12. The formation of free radicals from halogens like Cl2 and Br2 is typically initiated by:
13. Allylic and benzylic carbanions are more stable than simple alkyl carbanions due to:
14. Allylic and benzylic carbocations are more stable than simple alkyl carbocations due to:
15. Which type of bond fission is more common in polar solvents?
16. Which type of bond fission is more common in non-polar solvents?
17. The stability of free radicals generally follows the order:
18. What is the geometry around the carbon atom in a carbanion?
19. What is the geometry around the carbon atom in a carbocation?
20. Which of the following is a nucleophile?
21. Which of the following is an electrophile?
22. The term 'fission' in chemistry refers to:
23. Which of the following species is most likely to undergo rearrangement to form a more stable carbocation?
24. A carbanion is a Lewis:
25. A carbocation is a Lewis:
26. Which of the following is a source of free radicals?
27. Reactions involving free radicals are often characterized by:
28. Which type of intermediate is involved in nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides?
29. Which type of intermediate is involved in electrophilic addition reactions?
30. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a methyl radical (CH3•)?
31. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a methyl carbanion (CH3-)?
32. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a methyl carbocation (CH3+)?
33. Which of the following is the least stable carbanion?
34. Which of the following is the most stable carbocation?
35. Which factor contributes to the stability of carbanions?
36. Which factor contributes to the stability of carbocations?
37. The stability of carbanions generally follows the order:
38. The stability of carbocations follows the order:
39. In the heterolytic fission of HCl, which species receives both electrons from the covalent bond?
40. Which of the following is an example of a free radical?
41. Which of the following is an example of a carbanion?
42. Which of the following is an example of a carbocation?
43. Homolytic fission is often initiated by:
44. What is the typical driving force for heterolytic fission?
45. Which of the following is characteristic of a free radical?
46. What is a carbanion?
47. Which species possesses a positive charge and an incomplete octet, formed by heterolytic fission?
48. What is the primary product of homolytic fission of a covalent bond?
49. Which type of bond fission results in the formation of ions with opposite charges?
50. What type of bond fission involves the symmetrical distribution of bonding electrons between the two atoms?