hydraulic turbines classifications principles centrifugal pumps classifications principles performance - Question Bank

1. Which performance parameter indicates how much fluid a pump can deliver per unit of time?
A) Head
B) Power
C) Efficiency
D) Discharge
2. The efficiency of a hydraulic turbine is generally higher for:
A) Impulse turbines compared to reaction turbines
B) Reaction turbines compared to impulse turbines
C) Kaplan turbines compared to Pelton turbines
D) Pelton turbines compared to Francis turbines
3. Which factor is crucial for preventing cavitation in a centrifugal pump?
A) Increasing the suction lift
B) Maintaining the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) above the required value
C) Increasing the pump speed
D) Decreasing the discharge rate
4. A centrifugal pump is best described as a:
A) Positive displacement machine
B) Rotodynamic machine
C) Hydraulic ram
D) Jet pump
5. The main difference between a propeller turbine and a Kaplan turbine lies in:
A) The number of blades
B) The adjustability of the blades
C) The type of flow
D) The operating head
6. Which classification applies to a turbine where water enters radially and exits radially?
A) Axial Flow Turbine
B) Radial Flow Turbine
C) Mixed Flow Turbine
D) Tangential Flow Turbine
7. The best efficiency point (BEP) of a centrifugal pump is the operating point where:
A) The head is maximum
B) The discharge is maximum
C) The efficiency is maximum
D) The power consumption is minimum
8. Which component of a centrifugal pump allows for the gradual conversion of kinetic energy into pressure energy?
A) Impeller
B) Shaft
C) Volute casing
D) Suction pipe
9. The power developed by a hydraulic turbine is proportional to:
A) The square of the head
B) The cube of the head
C) The head and the discharge
D) The square root of the head
10. Which type of turbine is most suitable for sites with very high heads and low discharges?
A) Francis Turbine
B) Kaplan Turbine
C) Pelton Turbine
D) Propeller Turbine
11. The term 'runner' in a hydraulic turbine refers to the:
A) Rotating part that absorbs energy from the water
B) Stationary part that guides the water flow
C) Device used to control the water flow
D) Component that recovers kinetic energy
12. A multi-stage centrifugal pump is used to achieve:
A) Higher discharge
B) Higher head
C) Higher efficiency
D) Lower power consumption
13. Which parameter is used to classify centrifugal pumps based on their operating characteristics?
A) Impeller diameter
B) Specific speed
C) Maximum head
D) Volumetric efficiency
14. The main advantage of a Kaplan turbine over a Francis turbine for low head applications is its:
A) Higher efficiency over a wider range of flow
B) Simpler construction
C) Ability to operate at higher speeds
D) Lower cost
15. What is the primary function of the casing in a hydraulic turbine?
A) To guide the water to the runner and discharge it efficiently
B) To increase the pressure of the water
C) To reduce the speed of the water
D) To prevent cavitation
16. In a centrifugal pump, the efficiency is highest when the:
A) Friction losses are minimum
B) Mechanical losses are minimum
C) Volumetric losses are minimum
D) All losses are minimized relative to the energy transferred
17. Which of the following is a characteristic of a reaction turbine?
A) Water pressure remains constant as it passes through the runner
B) Water pressure decreases as it passes through the runner
C) The turbine casing is not essential for operation
D) It operates based on the kinetic energy of the water only
18. The power required to drive a centrifugal pump is proportional to:
A) Head developed and discharge
B) Discharge and fluid density
C) Head developed and fluid density
D) Square of the discharge and head
19. For a given head, the discharge of a centrifugal pump is primarily controlled by adjusting the:
A) Pump speed
B) Diameter of the impeller
C) Number of vanes
D) Angle of the vanes
20. Which type of pump is generally preferred for lifting water from a well?
A) Centrifugal pump
B) Submersible pump
C) Axial flow pump
D) Deep well turbine pump
21. The phenomenon of water hammer in a pipeline connected to a pump is caused by:
A) Sudden stoppage of flow
B) Sudden increase in flow
C) Continuous operation at low discharge
D) Cavitation
22. Which of the following is a common application of Francis turbines?
A) Low head hydroelectric power plants
B) High head hydroelectric power plants
C) Medium head hydroelectric power plants
D) Tidal power generation
23. The specific speed of a centrifugal pump is a parameter that relates:
A) Head, discharge, and rotational speed
B) Power output, head, and efficiency
C) Impeller diameter, flow rate, and pressure
D) Suction head, discharge head, and pump speed
24. A propeller turbine is essentially a:
A) Radial flow reaction turbine
B) Axial flow reaction turbine with fixed blades
C) Axial flow impulse turbine
D) Mixed flow impulse turbine
25. Which parameter is most critical for selecting the type of hydraulic turbine for a given site?
A) Available discharge
B) Available head
C) Turbine speed
D) Runner diameter
26. Surging in a centrifugal pump occurs when the flow rate is:
A) Very high
B) Very low, near shut-off
C) At the best efficiency point
D) Constant
27. The unit power of a hydraulic turbine is defined as the power developed by the turbine when it operates under a head of:
A) 1 meter
B) 10 meters
C) 100 meters
D) 1000 meters
28. Which of the following is NOT a type of hydraulic turbine?
A) Francis Turbine
B) Kaplan Turbine
C) Centrifugal Turbine
D) Pelton Turbine
29. In a Francis turbine, the guide vanes are used to:
A) Control the speed of the turbine
B) Regulate the flow rate and angle of water entering the runner
C) Prevent cavitation
D) Recover energy from the exit flow
30. The efficiency of a hydraulic turbine is defined as the ratio of:
A) Shaft power to water power
B) Water power to shaft power
C) Hydraulic power to mechanical power
D) Mechanical power to hydraulic power
31. Which type of hydraulic turbine is characterized by water entering axially and leaving radially?
A) Pelton Turbine
B) Francis Turbine
C) Kaplan Turbine
D) Propeller Turbine
32. A volute casing in a centrifugal pump is designed to:
A) Increase the velocity of the fluid
B) Reduce the pressure energy
C) Convert kinetic energy into pressure energy gradually
D) Guide the fluid to the impeller
33. The maximum efficiency of a centrifugal pump typically occurs at:
A) Zero discharge
B) Maximum discharge
C) Best efficiency point (BEP)
D) Shut-off head
34. Which component of a centrifugal pump is responsible for imparting kinetic energy to the fluid?
A) Casing
B) Shaft
C) Impeller
D) Suction pipe
35. What is the purpose of priming a centrifugal pump?
A) To increase the speed of the pump
B) To remove air from the suction pipe and casing
C) To reduce the power consumption
D) To increase the discharge pressure
36. Which characteristic curve of a centrifugal pump plots head against discharge?
A) Efficiency curve
B) Power curve
C) Operating curve
D) Head-discharge curve (H-Q curve)
37. The shut-off head of a centrifugal pump is the head developed when the:
A) Discharge is maximum
B) Discharge is minimum
C) Discharge is zero
D) Efficiency is maximum
38. What phenomenon occurs when the pressure at the suction side of a centrifugal pump drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid?
A) Surging
B) Cavitation
C) Priming
D) Water hammer
39. Which type of impeller is commonly used in centrifugal pumps for handling liquids with suspended solids?
A) Open impeller
B) Semi-open impeller
C) Closed impeller
D) Vane-less impeller
40. The head developed by a centrifugal pump is primarily dependent on:
A) Pump diameter and fluid viscosity
B) Impeller diameter and rotational speed
C) Suction pipe length and discharge pipe diameter
D) Casing shape and number of vanes
41. What is the main function of the casing in a centrifugal pump?
A) To guide the impeller
B) To convert pressure energy into kinetic energy
C) To collect the fluid discharged by the impeller and direct it to the outlet pipe
D) To prevent leakage from the pump
42. Cavitation in hydraulic turbines can lead to:
A) Increased efficiency
B) Reduced noise
C) Erosion of runner material
D) Higher power output
43. Which type of turbine is characterized by a bucket-shaped runner with deflectors?
A) Francis Turbine
B) Kaplan Turbine
C) Pelton Turbine
D) Propeller Turbine
44. The specific speed of a hydraulic turbine is a dimensionless parameter that relates:
A) Head, discharge, and rotational speed
B) Power output, head, and efficiency
C) Runner diameter, flow rate, and pressure
D) Inlet velocity, outlet velocity, and turbine speed
45. What is the main purpose of a draft tube in a hydraulic turbine installation?
A) To increase the velocity of water leaving the runner
B) To recover kinetic energy from the water leaving the runner
C) To prevent cavitation
D) To guide the water flow to the runner
46. Which component of a hydraulic turbine regulates the flow of water onto the runner?
A) Draft Tube
B) Guide Vanes
C) Runner
D) Nozzle
47. Kaplan turbines are best suited for which type of head conditions?
A) High head, low discharge
B) Medium head, medium discharge
C) Low head, high discharge
D) Very high head, very low discharge
48. In a Francis turbine, what type of flow is primarily responsible for energy conversion?
A) Radial Flow
B) Axial Flow
C) Mixed Flow
D) Tangential Flow
49. What is the primary principle behind the operation of a Pelton turbine?
A) Reaction
B) Impulse
C) Gravity
D) Capillary Action
50. Which classification of hydraulic turbines is characterized by water entering radially and leaving axially?
A) Pelton Turbine
B) Francis Turbine
C) Kaplan Turbine
D) Turgo Turbine
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