Nature of universe and measurement of physical quantities. - Question Bank

1. The concept of 'cosmological redshift' is a consequence of:
A) The Doppler effect in a static universe
B) The expansion of spacetime itself
C) The absorption of light by interstellar dust
D) The gravitational pull of massive objects
2. What is the SI unit of solid angle?
A) Radian
B) Steradian
C) Degree
D) Minute
3. The 'Age Crisis' in cosmology in the late 20th century was related to discrepancies between the estimated age of the universe and the age of:
A) The Sun
B) The oldest stars
C) The Earth
D) The Milky Way galaxy
4. Which physical quantity has the SI unit of Hertz?
A) Angular velocity
B) Frequency
C) Wavelength
D) Amplitude
5. The 'Penzias and Wilson' experiment famously detected:
A) Pulsar signals
B) Cosmic Microwave Background radiation
C) Gravitational waves
D) Neutrinos from the Sun
6. What is the SI unit of magnetic flux?
A) Tesla
B) Weber
C) Gauss
D) Henry
7. Which SI prefix represents a factor of 10^3?
A) Hecto
B) Kilo
C) Mega
D) Giga
8. The 'Large-Scale Structure' of the universe refers to the distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, which appears as:
A) A uniform, smooth distribution
B) A web-like structure of filaments and voids
C) A single, massive supercluster
D) Randomly scattered points
9. What is the SI unit of inductance?
A) Farad
B) Ohm
C) Volt
D) Henry
10. Which physical quantity is measured in Joules per second?
A) Energy
B) Force
C) Power
D) Momentum
11. The 'Cosmological Constant', introduced by Einstein and later revived, is related to:
A) The gravitational constant
B) The rate of expansion of the universe
C) The speed of light
D) The permittivity of free space
12. What is the SI unit of capacitance?
A) Ohm
B) Henry
C) Farad
D) Coulomb
13. Which SI prefix represents a factor of 10^9?
A) Mega
B) Giga
C) Tera
D) Peta
14. The concept of 'Inflation' in early universe cosmology was proposed to solve which problem?
A) The dark matter problem
B) The horizon and flatness problems
C) The origin of magnetic monopoles
D) The matter-antimatter asymmetry
15. What is the SI unit of electric resistance?
A) Siemens
B) Ohm
C) Volt
D) Ampere
16. Which physical quantity is measured in Pascals?
A) Energy
B) Power
C) Pressure
D) Momentum
17. The observed abundance of light elements like Hydrogen and Helium in the universe is a key prediction of:
A) Stellar nucleosynthesis
B) The Big Bang nucleosynthesis
C) Supernova explosions
D) The Steady State model
18. What is the SI unit of magnetic flux density?
A) Weber
B) Tesla
C) Gauss
D) Henry
19. Which SI prefix denotes a factor of 10^-12?
A) Nano
B) Micro
C) Pico
D) Femto
20. The 'Flatness Problem' in cosmology suggests that the universe's geometry is surprisingly close to:
A) Open (hyperbolic)
B) Closed (spherical)
C) Flat (Euclidean)
D) Curved
21. What is the SI unit of electric potential difference?
A) Ampere
B) Ohm
C) Volt
D) Farad
22. Which of the following is a fundamental property of matter?
A) Density
B) Viscosity
C) Mass
D) Hardness
23. The 'Horizon Problem' in cosmology refers to the unexpected uniformity of:
A) The distribution of galaxies
B) The temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background
C) The abundance of helium in the universe
D) The rate of stellar evolution
24. What is the SI unit of frequency?
A) Radian
B) Hertz
C) Decibel
D) Cycle per second
25. Which SI prefix represents a factor of 10^12?
A) Mega
B) Giga
C) Tera
D) Peta
26. The 'Great Attractor' is a gravitational anomaly that influences the motion of galaxies in our local universe, indicating the presence of:
A) A massive galaxy cluster
B) A supermassive black hole
C) A large concentration of dark matter
D) A region of high dark energy density
27. What is the SI unit of electric charge?
A) Ampere
B) Volt
C) Ohm
D) Coulomb
28. Which of the following is a unit of length?
A) Light-year
B) Kilogram
C) Second
D) Joule
29. The observation that the universe appears roughly the same from all locations and in all directions is known as the:
A) Cosmological principle
B) Hubble's Law
C) Olbers' Paradox
D) Steady State hypothesis
30. What is the SI unit of power?
A) Joule
B) Watt
C) Erg
D) Calorie
31. Which SI prefix denotes a factor of 10^6?
A) Kilo
B) Mega
C) Giga
D) Tera
32. The 'Cosmic Microwave Background' radiation is a remnant of which era in the universe's history?
A) The inflationary epoch
B) The era of nucleosynthesis
C) The recombination era
D) The stellar era
33. What is the SI unit of energy?
A) Watt
B) Newton
C) Joule
D) Pascal
34. Which of the following is a dimensionless quantity?
A) Velocity
B) Acceleration
C) Refractive index
D) Force
35. The 'Hubble Constant' relates to the rate of:
A) Star formation
B) Galaxy mergers
C) The expansion of the universe
D) Black hole growth
36. What is the SI unit of pressure?
A) Torr
B) Bar
C) Pascal
D) Atmosphere
37. Which SI prefix represents a factor of 10^-9?
A) Micro
B) Milli
C) Nano
D) Pico
38. The redshift of light from distant galaxies indicates that they are:
A) Moving towards us
B) Moving away from us
C) Stationary
D) Rotating rapidly
39. What is the SI unit of force?
A) Watt
B) Joule
C) Pascal
D) Newton
40. The concept of 'dark energy' is invoked to explain which observation about the universe?
A) The uniform temperature of the CMB
B) The redshift of distant galaxies
C) The accelerating expansion of the universe
D) The formation of large-scale structures
41. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental unit in the SI system?
A) Meter
B) Kilogram
C) Newton
D) Second
42. The cosmic microwave background radiation is considered strong evidence for which event?
A) Formation of the first stars
B) The Big Bang
C) Supernova explosions
D) The formation of black holes
43. What is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature?
A) Celsius
B) Fahrenheit
C) Kelvin
D) Rankine
44. Parallax method is used to measure the distance to:
A) Nearby stars
B) Distant galaxies
C) The Moon
D) The Sun
45. Which theory proposes that the universe originated from an extremely hot and dense state?
A) Steady State theory
B) Big Bang theory
C) Oscillating Universe theory
D) Inflationary cosmology
46. The SI unit of electric current is:
A) Volt
B) Ohm
C) Ampere
D) Coulomb
47. What is the approximate age of the universe according to current cosmological models?
A) 4.6 billion years
B) 13.8 billion years
C) 100 billion years
D) 1 trillion years
48. Which of the following is a derived unit?
A) Meter
B) Kilogram
C) Second
D) Joule
49. The expansion of the universe is primarily evidenced by which phenomenon?
A) Redshift of distant galaxies
B) Blueshift of distant galaxies
C) Cosmic Microwave Background radiation
D) The abundance of light elements
50. What is the SI unit of luminous intensity?
A) Lux
B) Candela
C) Lumen
D) Watt
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