Blood and circulation – composition, haemopoiesis, clotting - One Line Questions

1. What is the lifespan of a typical red blood cell in humans? — 100-120 days
2. What is the final step in the coagulation cascade that forms a stable clot? — Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
3. What is the term for the process of red blood cells clumping together? — Agglutination
4. Which component of plasma is involved in the immune response by producing antibodies? — Gamma globulins
5. Which component of blood plasma carries lipids from the digestive system to the tissues? — Lipoproteins
6. Which plasma protein is involved in the transport of copper? — Ceruloplasmin
7. Which molecule is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin? — Bilirubin
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of a monocyte? — Kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped nucleus
9. What is the primary site of destruction for old red blood cells? — Liver and spleen
10. Which plasma protein is involved in the transport of iron? — Transferrin
11. What is the term for a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and obstructs flow? — Thrombus
12. Which of the following is a precursor cell for all blood cells? — Hematopoietic stem cell
13. Which clotting factor is also known as fibrinogen? — Factor I
14. Which clotting factor is also known as prothrombin? — Factor II
15. Which clotting factor is deficient in Hemophilia A? — Factor VIII
16. Which of the following is a key component of the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting? — Tissue factor (Factor III)
17. What is the primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)? — Transporting oxygen
18. Which plasma protein is crucial for maintaining osmotic pressure of blood? — Albumin
19. What is the main characteristic of an eosinophil? — Granules that stain red/pink
20. What is the process of blood cell formation called? — Hematopoiesis
21. What is the role of plasmin in the circulatory system? — Dissolves blood clots
22. Which type of anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid? — Megaloblastic anemia
23. What is the function of heparin, an anticoagulant found in mast cells? — It enhances the activity of antithrombin III.
24. Which organ is responsible for producing most clotting factors? — Liver
25. What is the term for an abnormally low number of white blood cells? — Leukopenia
26. Where does hematopoiesis primarily occur in adult mammals? — Bone marrow
27. Which type of white blood cell is the most abundant and phagocytizes bacteria? — Neutrophil
28. Which of the following is a granulocyte? — Basophil
29. What is the protein responsible for the red color of blood and oxygen transport? — Hemoglobin
30. Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell? — Erythrocyte
31. What is the main function of platelets (thrombocytes)? — Blood clotting
32. What is the primary role of lymphocytes in blood? — Antibody production and cell-mediated immunity
33. What is the main function of lymphocytes in the context of blood circulation? — Immune response
34. What is the name of the process where white blood cells engulf foreign particles? — Phagocytosis
35. Which of the following is a key difference between plasma and serum? — Plasma contains clotting factors, serum does not (as they are consumed during clotting).
36. Which component of blood is responsible for immunity and fighting diseases? — White blood cells (leukocytes)
37. What is the function of megakaryocytes? — Producing platelets
38. What is the primary function of the spleen in relation to blood? — Filtering blood and removing old red blood cells
39. What is the substance that converts fibrinogen into fibrin? — Thrombin
40. What is the function of basophils, a type of white blood cell? — Releasing histamine and heparin
41. What is the liquid matrix of blood called? — Plasma
42. What is the role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in blood clotting? — They are required as cofactors for several clotting factors.
43. Which substance is released by damaged tissues to initiate the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting? — Tissue factor (Factor III)
44. Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells? — Erythropoietin
45. Which of the following is a key component of the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting? — Factor XII (Hageman factor)
46. What is the function of the enzyme thrombin in blood clotting? — To convert fibrinogen to fibrin
47. What is the role of Factor XIII (Fibrin-stabilizing factor)? — To cross-link fibrin polymers, stabilizing the clot
48. What is the role of anti-thrombin in blood? — To inhibit clotting by binding to thrombin and other clotting factors
49. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver? — Vitamin K
50. Which component of blood plasma is most abundant? — Water
All One Line Questions
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