TRB PG Assistant - Blood and circulation – composition, haemopoiesis, clotting Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. What is the primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

A) Fighting infection B) Transporting oxygen C) Clotting blood D) Producing antibodies

2. Which component of blood is responsible for immunity and fighting diseases?

A) Platelets B) Plasma C) White blood cells (leukocytes) D) Red blood cells

3. What is the liquid matrix of blood called?

A) Serum B) Plasma C) Lymph D) Cytoplasm

4. Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell?

A) Neutrophil B) Eosinophil C) Monocyte D) Erythrocyte

5. What is the process of blood cell formation called?

A) Hemostasis B) Hematopoiesis C) Hemolysis D) Hemoglobin synthesis

6. Where does hematopoiesis primarily occur in adult mammals?

A) Liver B) Spleen C) Bone marrow D) Lymph nodes

7. Which plasma protein is crucial for maintaining osmotic pressure of blood?

A) Globulins B) Fibrinogen C) Albumin D) Prothrombin

8. What is the main function of platelets (thrombocytes)?

A) Oxygen transport B) Immune response C) Blood clotting D) Nutrient transport

9. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver?

A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin K D) Vitamin A

10. What is the protein responsible for the red color of blood and oxygen transport?

A) Myoglobin B) Hemoglobin C) Albumin D) Collagen

11. Which of the following is a key component of the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

A) Tissue factor (Factor III) B) Factor XII (Hageman factor) C) Calcium ions D) Vitamin K

12. What is the final step in the coagulation cascade that forms a stable clot?

A) Activation of Factor X B) Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin C) Formation of prothrombin activator D) Release of calcium ions

13. Which type of white blood cell is the most abundant and phagocytizes bacteria?

A) Lymphocyte B) Monocyte C) Neutrophil D) Eosinophil

14. What is the lifespan of a typical red blood cell in humans?

A) 10-20 days B) 40-60 days C) 100-120 days D) 200-240 days

15. Which substance is released by damaged tissues to initiate the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

A) Thrombin B) Fibrinogen C) Tissue factor (Factor III) D) Platelet-activating factor

16. What is the primary role of lymphocytes in blood?

A) Oxygen transport B) Phagocytosis of pathogens C) Antibody production and cell-mediated immunity D) Blood clotting

17. Which component of plasma is involved in the immune response by producing antibodies?

A) Albumin B) Alpha and beta globulins C) Gamma globulins D) Fibrinogen

18. What is the substance that converts fibrinogen into fibrin?

A) Prothrombin B) Thrombin C) Factor Xa D) Plasmin

19. Which organ is responsible for producing most clotting factors?

A) Kidney B) Spleen C) Liver D) Pancreas

20. What is the term for a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and obstructs flow?

A) Embolus B) Thrombus C) Aneurysm D) Hemorrhage

21. Which of the following is a characteristic of a monocyte?

A) Bilobed nucleus B) Kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped nucleus C) Segmented nucleus with 3-5 lobes D) Large, dark, round nucleus

22. What is the role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in blood clotting?

A) They directly convert fibrinogen to fibrin. B) They are required as cofactors for several clotting factors. C) They inhibit the action of thrombin. D) They dissolve existing blood clots.

23. Which component of blood plasma carries lipids from the digestive system to the tissues?

A) Albumin B) Lipoproteins C) Fibrinogen D) Transferrin

24. What is the primary site of destruction for old red blood cells?

A) Bone marrow B) Kidneys C) Liver and spleen D) Lymph nodes

25. Which clotting factor is also known as fibrinogen?

A) Factor I B) Factor II C) Factor III D) Factor IV

26. What is the function of basophils, a type of white blood cell?

A) Releasing histamine and heparin B) Phagocytosing bacteria C) Producing antibodies D) Killing parasitic worms

27. Which of the following is a precursor cell for all blood cells?

A) Erythroblast B) Myeloblast C) Hematopoietic stem cell D) Megakaryocyte

28. What is the role of plasmin in the circulatory system?

A) Initiates blood clotting B) Dissolves blood clots C) Transports oxygen D) Carries nutrients

29. Which plasma protein is involved in the transport of iron?

A) Ceruloplasmin B) Transferrin C) Haptoglobin D) Hemopexin

30. What is the main characteristic of an eosinophil?

A) Granules that stain blue B) Granules that stain red/pink C) Lack of visible granules D) Large, kidney-shaped nucleus

31. Which molecule is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin?

A) Bilirubin B) Urea C) Lactic acid D) Creatinine

32. What is the function of the enzyme thrombin in blood clotting?

A) To activate Factor X B) To convert fibrinogen to fibrin C) To stabilize the fibrin clot D) To break down existing clots

33. Which of the following is a key component of the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

A) Factor VIII B) Factor IX C) Tissue factor (Factor III) D) Factor XII

34. What is the term for the process of red blood cells clumping together?

A) Agglutination B) Hemolysis C) Erythropoiesis D) Leukocytosis

35. Which type of anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid?

A) Iron-deficiency anemia B) Sickle cell anemia C) Megaloblastic anemia D) Aplastic anemia

36. What is the role of anti-thrombin in blood?

A) To promote clotting B) To inhibit clotting by binding to thrombin and other clotting factors C) To transport oxygen D) To fight infections

37. Which of the following is a granulocyte?

A) Monocyte B) Lymphocyte C) Basophil D) Erythrocyte

38. What is the primary function of the spleen in relation to blood?

A) Producing new red blood cells B) Filtering blood and removing old red blood cells C) Synthesizing clotting factors D) Storing platelets

39. Which clotting factor is deficient in Hemophilia A?

A) Factor VII B) Factor VIII C) Factor IX D) Factor XI

40. What is the function of megakaryocytes?

A) Producing antibodies B) Phagocytosing pathogens C) Producing platelets D) Transporting oxygen

41. Which plasma protein is involved in the transport of copper?

A) Albumin B) Transferrin C) Ceruloplasmin D) Fibrinogen

42. What is the term for an abnormally low number of white blood cells?

A) Leukocytosis B) Leukopenia C) Thrombocytopenia D) Anemia

43. Which of the following is a key difference between plasma and serum?

A) Plasma contains red blood cells, serum does not. B) Serum contains clotting factors, plasma does not. C) Plasma contains clotting factors, serum does not (as they are consumed during clotting). D) Plasma is yellow, serum is red.

44. What is the role of Factor XIII (Fibrin-stabilizing factor)?

A) To convert prothrombin to thrombin B) To activate Factor X C) To cross-link fibrin polymers, stabilizing the clot D) To initiate the coagulation cascade

45. Which hormone stimulates the production of red blood cells?

A) Thyroxine B) Erythropoietin C) Insulin D) Growth hormone

46. What is the function of heparin, an anticoagulant found in mast cells?

A) It enhances the activity of antithrombin III. B) It directly inhibits thrombin. C) It prevents the activation of Factor X. D) It binds to calcium ions.

47. Which component of blood plasma is most abundant?

A) Water B) Proteins C) Ions D) Nutrients

48. What is the name of the process where white blood cells engulf foreign particles?

A) Pinocytosis B) Phagocytosis C) Endocytosis D) Exocytosis

49. Which clotting factor is also known as prothrombin?

A) Factor I B) Factor II C) Factor V D) Factor VII

50. What is the main function of lymphocytes in the context of blood circulation?

A) Oxygen transport B) Phagocytosis of bacteria C) Immune response D) Clot formation

Blood and circulation – composition, haemopoiesis, clotting - Online Test

Test Results