Digestion and absorption, BMR, nutritional disorders - One Line Questions

1. The primary role of the large intestine in digestion and absorption is: — Absorption of water and electrolytes
2. The hormone that promotes the absorption of sodium and water by the kidneys is: — Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
3. The enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller peptides in the stomach is: — Pepsin
4. The pancreatic enzyme responsible for digesting fats into fatty acids and glycerol is: — Lipase
5. The process by which the body breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones to release energy is called: — Catabolism
6. A deficiency of iodine in the diet can lead to which disorder? — Goiter
7. The energy expenditure during physical activity is known as: — Activity Energy Expenditure (AEE)
8. The primary role of the pancreas in digestion is to secrete: — Pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes
9. A deficiency of Vitamin K can lead to problems with: — Blood clotting
10. Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood and is a common deficiency leading to anemia? — Iron
11. Which of the following is a primary function of the enzyme trypsin? — Digestion of proteins
12. The thermic effect of food (TEF) refers to the energy expended for: — Digestion, absorption, and assimilation of food
13. Pellagra, a disease caused by niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency, is characterized by the '3 Ds': Dermatitis, Diarrhea, and: — Dementia
14. The primary site for the absorption of digested nutrients in the small intestine is the: — All of the above
15. Which part of the small intestine is the main site for absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts? — Ileum
16. Which of the following is a disorder caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults? — Acromegaly
17. Which of the following is a major function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach? — Activation of pepsinogen to pepsin
18. Kwashiorkor, a severe protein deficiency disorder, is characterized by: — Edema (swelling), particularly in the abdomen
19. The brush border enzymes, responsible for the final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins, are located on the microvilli of: — Intestinal epithelial cells
20. The main function of the hormone secretin is to stimulate the secretion of: — Pancreatic bicarbonate
21. The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluid into the duodenum is: — Secretin
22. Which hormone, secreted by the stomach lining, stimulates hunger? — Ghrelin
23. Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels? — Insulin
24. The hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells is: — Insulin
25. The process by which digested food molecules pass through the intestinal wall into the blood or lymph is called: — Absorption
26. The process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed is called: — Chemical digestion
27. Which of the following is a symptom of scurvy, a disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency? — Bleeding gums
28. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth? — Amylase
29. Which enzyme is produced in an inactive form (zymogen) and activated in the small intestine to digest proteins? — Chymotrypsinogen
30. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in digestion? — Production of digestive enzymes
31. Bile, produced by the liver, aids in the digestion and absorption of: — Fats
32. Gastric lipase, secreted by the stomach, primarily digests: — Triglycerides
33. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is defined as the energy expenditure of the body at: — Complete rest and fasting
34. Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice in the stomach? — Gastrin
35. Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile? — Cholecystokinin (CCK)
36. Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is typically caused by a deficiency of: — Iodine
37. Marasmus is a form of malnutrition characterized by: — Muscle wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat
38. Beriberi, a disease caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, primarily affects the: — Nervous system and cardiovascular system
39. Factors that can increase Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) include: — Fever and increased thyroid hormone levels
40. The primary function of the hormone leptin is to: — Signal satiety and inhibit appetite
41. The absorption of fatty acids and glycerol occurs primarily in the: — Duodenum and Jejunum
42. The absorption of most digested food products occurs in the: — Small intestine
43. The enzyme responsible for the initial digestion of starch in the mouth is: — Salivary amylase
44. The energy required to maintain essential life processes like breathing, circulation, and cell production at rest is known as: — Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
45. Rickets, a condition characterized by soft and deformed bones, is caused by a deficiency of: — Vitamin D
46. Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus? — Vitamin D
47. Night blindness is often associated with a deficiency of which vitamin? — Vitamin A
48. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? — Vitamin B6
49. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? — Vitamin D
50. Pernicious anemia is a nutritional disorder caused by the deficiency of: — Vitamin B12
All One Line Questions
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