TRB PG Assistant - Digestion and absorption, BMR, nutritional disorders Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?

A) Pepsin B) Amylase C) Lipase D) Trypsin

2. The primary site for the absorption of digested nutrients in the small intestine is the:

A) Duodenum B) Jejunum C) Ileum D) All of the above

3. Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice in the stomach?

A) Secretin B) Cholecystokinin (CCK) C) Gastrin D) Insulin

4. Bile, produced by the liver, aids in the digestion and absorption of:

A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Fats D) Vitamins

5. Pernicious anemia is a nutritional disorder caused by the deficiency of:

A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin B12 D) Iron

6. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is defined as the energy expenditure of the body at:

A) Resting state after a meal B) Vigorous physical activity C) Complete rest and fasting D) Moderate exercise

7. Which of the following is a major function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

A) Emulsification of fats B) Activation of pepsinogen to pepsin C) Absorption of vitamin B12 D) Neutralization of chyme

8. The brush border enzymes, responsible for the final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins, are located on the microvilli of:

A) Gastric cells B) Pancreatic acinar cells C) Intestinal epithelial cells D) Hepatocytes

9. Kwashiorkor, a severe protein deficiency disorder, is characterized by:

A) Extreme thinness and wasting B) Edema (swelling), particularly in the abdomen C) Impaired vision D) Bone deformities

10. Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

A) Glucagon B) Insulin C) Somatostatin D) Pancreatic polypeptide

11. The process by which digested food molecules pass through the intestinal wall into the blood or lymph is called:

A) Ingestion B) Digestion C) Absorption D) Egestion

12. Rickets, a condition characterized by soft and deformed bones, is caused by a deficiency of:

A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B1 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D

13. Factors that can increase Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) include:

A) Sleep B) Fasting C) Fever and increased thyroid hormone levels D) Cold exposure

14. The primary role of the large intestine in digestion and absorption is:

A) Absorption of proteins B) Absorption of water and electrolytes C) Digestion of carbohydrates D) Secretion of digestive enzymes

15. Which of the following is a symptom of scurvy, a disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency?

A) Night blindness B) Bleeding gums C) Goiter D) Muscle cramps

16. The enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller peptides in the stomach is:

A) Amylase B) Lipase C) Pepsin D) Trypsinogen

17. The absorption of fatty acids and glycerol occurs primarily in the:

A) Stomach B) Duodenum and Jejunum C) Ileum D) Large intestine

18. Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile?

A) Secretin B) Gastrin C) Cholecystokinin (CCK) D) Insulin

19. A deficiency of iodine in the diet can lead to which disorder?

A) Anemia B) Goiter C) Osteoporosis D) Diabetes mellitus

20. The energy required to maintain essential life processes like breathing, circulation, and cell production at rest is known as:

A) Thermic effect of food B) Activity energy expenditure C) Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) D) Total energy expenditure

21. Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus?

A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin K C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin E

22. The pancreatic enzyme responsible for digesting fats into fatty acids and glycerol is:

A) Amylase B) Pepsin C) Lipase D) Trypsin

23. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in digestion?

A) Production of bile B) Synthesis of plasma proteins C) Detoxification of blood D) Production of digestive enzymes

24. Marasmus is a form of malnutrition characterized by:

A) Severe edema B) Muscle wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat C) Skin lesions D) Hair depigmentation

25. Which hormone, secreted by the stomach lining, stimulates hunger?

A) Ghrelin B) Leptin C) Insulin D) Glucagon

26. The process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed is called:

A) Mechanical digestion B) Chemical digestion C) Absorption D) Metabolism

27. Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood and is a common deficiency leading to anemia?

A) Calcium B) Potassium C) Iron D) Sodium

28. The main function of the hormone secretin is to stimulate the secretion of:

A) Gastric juice B) Pancreatic bicarbonate C) Bile D) Insulin

29. Night blindness is often associated with a deficiency of which vitamin?

A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin K D) Vitamin B6

30. The energy expenditure during physical activity is known as:

A) Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) B) Thermic effect of food C) Activity Energy Expenditure (AEE) D) Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

31. Which of the following is a primary function of the enzyme trypsin?

A) Digestion of carbohydrates B) Digestion of fats C) Digestion of proteins D) Digestion of nucleic acids

32. The hormone that promotes the absorption of sodium and water by the kidneys is:

A) Aldosterone B) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) C) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) D) Renin

33. Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is typically caused by a deficiency of:

A) Selenium B) Zinc C) Iodine D) Copper

34. The process by which the body breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones to release energy is called:

A) Anabolism B) Catabolism C) Metabolism D) Homeostasis

35. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin B1 B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin D D) Thiamine

36. Gastric lipase, secreted by the stomach, primarily digests:

A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Triglycerides D) Nucleic acids

37. The primary function of the hormone leptin is to:

A) Stimulate appetite B) Regulate water balance C) Signal satiety and inhibit appetite D) Increase heart rate

38. Which part of the small intestine is the main site for absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts?

A) Duodenum B) Jejunum C) Ileum D) Cecum

39. A deficiency of Vitamin K can lead to problems with:

A) Blood clotting B) Vision C) Nerve function D) Immune response

40. The thermic effect of food (TEF) refers to the energy expended for:

A) Digestion, absorption, and assimilation of food B) Basal metabolic processes C) Physical activity D) Thermoregulation

41. Which enzyme is produced in an inactive form (zymogen) and activated in the small intestine to digest proteins?

A) Pepsin B) Chymotrypsinogen C) Carboxypeptidase D) Aminopeptidase

42. Pellagra, a disease caused by niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency, is characterized by the '3 Ds': Dermatitis, Diarrhea, and:

A) Dizziness B) Dementia C) Dehydration D) Dyspnea

43. The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluid into the duodenum is:

A) Gastrin B) Cholecystokinin (CCK) C) Secretin D) Insulin

44. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin E D) Vitamin B6

45. The primary role of the pancreas in digestion is to secrete:

A) Bile and lipase B) Hydrochloric acid and pepsin C) Pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes D) Intrinsic factor and mucus

46. Beriberi, a disease caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, primarily affects the:

A) Skin B) Bones C) Nervous system and cardiovascular system D) Digestive system

47. The absorption of most digested food products occurs in the:

A) Stomach B) Small intestine C) Large intestine D) Esophagus

48. Which mineral is essential for the formation of hemoglobin and is a component of myoglobin?

A) Zinc B) Copper C) Iron D) Manganese

49. The enzyme responsible for the initial digestion of starch in the mouth is:

A) Sucrase B) Maltase C) Salivary amylase D) Lactase

50. Which of the following is a disorder caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults?

A) Dwarfism B) Gigantism C) Acromegaly D) Cretinism

Digestion and absorption, BMR, nutritional disorders - Online Test

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