Human health and diseases - common pathogens, basic concepts of immunity innate and acquired immunity - One Line Questions

1. Which of the following is a cellular barrier in innate immunity? — Phagocytic cells
2. Fever is a component of which type of immunity? — Innate immunity
3. Which type of immunity is transferred from mother to child across the placenta? — Passive acquired immunity
4. Which of the following is an example of an antigen? — A foreign protein on a pathogen
5. Passive immunity is acquired when: — Antibodies are transferred from one individual to another.
6. What is the term for a substance that induces an immune response? — Antigen
7. A person is infected with a virus. Which type of immune response would be most effective in clearing the infection? — Cell-mediated immunity
8. Which of the following is a protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis? — Entamoeba histolytica
9. Which type of cell is primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity? — T-lymphocytes
10. Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by species of: — Microsporum
11. Which of the following is a disease caused by a helminth? — Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
12. Which immune cells are responsible for producing antibodies? — Plasma cells (differentiated B-cells)
13. Cytokines are signaling molecules that play a crucial role in: — Regulating immune responses.
14. The adaptive immune system is characterized by: — Specificity, memory, and diversity.
15. Which type of T-cell is responsible for killing infected cells directly? — Cytotoxic T-cell
16. Which virus is responsible for AIDS? — Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
17. Which virus causes chickenpox and shingles? — Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
18. Acquired immunity is also known as: — Adaptive immunity
19. Which type of immunity involves the production of antibodies? — Humoral immunity
20. Which of the following is a characteristic of acquired immunity? — It involves immunological memory.
21. Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity? — It involves genetically determined barriers and general responses.
22. Which organ is primarily affected by the Hepatitis B virus? — Liver
23. Which of the following is NOT a type of immune cell? — Erythrocyte
24. Which of these is a physical barrier in innate immunity? — Skin
25. Which disease is characterized by the formation of tubercles in the lungs? — Tuberculosis
26. Which of the following is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the liver? — Hepatitis
27. Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier in the innate immune system? — Mucus
28. Which type of immunity is conferred by a vaccine? — Induced active immunity
29. Which cellular component of innate immunity is responsible for releasing histamine and mediating allergic responses? — Basophils (and Mast cells)
30. The ability of the body to resist disease is called: — Immunity
31. Which component of innate immunity provides a chemical barrier? — Lysozyme
32. Which pathogen causes amoebiasis? — Entamoeba histolytica
33. Which of the following is a common bacterial pathogen causing pneumonia? — Streptococcus pneumoniae
34. Which disease is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi? — Typhoid fever
35. The 'primary response' in acquired immunity is: — Slow and less intense upon first exposure.
36. What is the main target of HIV in the human body? — Helper T-lymphocytes (CD4+ cells)
37. Which type of cell plays a role in both innate and adaptive immunity by presenting antigens? — Dendritic cells
38. Which disease is caused by the fungus Candida albicans? — Thrush (Candidiasis)
39. The 'second line of defense' in innate immunity includes: — Phagocytic cells and inflammation
40. The 'secondary response' in acquired immunity is: — Rapid and strong upon subsequent exposure.
41. Which pathogen causes malaria? — Plasmodium falciparum
42. Which pathogen causes common cold? — Rhinoviruses
43. Antibodies are produced by which type of immune cell? — B-cells (differentiated into plasma cells)
44. What is the primary function of antibodies? — To mark pathogens for destruction by other immune cells.
45. What is the role of Helper T-cells (CD4+ cells) in acquired immunity? — To activate B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells.
46. What is the role of Regulatory T-cells (Treg)? — To suppress the immune response and prevent autoimmunity.
47. What is the function of memory cells in acquired immunity? — To provide a faster and stronger secondary response upon re-exposure.
48. What is the primary role of macrophages in the immune system? — To engulf and digest pathogens (phagocytosis)
49. Which of the following is a bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system and is characterized by a greyish-white membrane in the throat? — Diphtheria
50. Which of the following is a bacterial pathogen that causes cholera? — Vibrio cholerae
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