Main concepts of life science classification of living organisms evolution genetics physiology nutrition health hygiene and human diseases. - One Line Questions

1. The gradual change in the inherited traits of a population over many generations is known as: — Evolution
2. A disease caused by a deficiency of iodine is: — Goiter
3. The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is: — Providing energy
4. Which nutrient group is essential for building and repairing tissues? — Proteins
5. What is the basic unit of heredity that is passed from parents to offspring? — Gene
6. Which of the following is a bacterial disease? — Pneumonia
7. Which of the following is a viral disease? — Dengue fever
8. A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or functional RNA molecule is called a: — Gene
9. Homologous structures in different species suggest: — A common ancestor
10. During cell division, the process where the nucleus divides into two identical daughter nuclei is called: — Mitosis
11. Which of the following is a communicable disease? — Common cold
12. The process by which organisms absorb nutrients from their environment is called: — Assimilation
13. The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts is called: — Physiology
14. A disease transmitted from animals to humans is termed: — Zoonotic
15. Proteins are made up of smaller units called: — Amino acids
16. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism? — Bacteria
17. Good hygiene practices help to prevent the spread of: — Infectious diseases
18. The process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully is known as: — Natural selection
19. Fossils provide evidence for evolution by showing: — Changes in organisms over geological time
20. The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is called: — Ecology
21. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? — Ribosome
22. The theory of evolution by natural selection was primarily proposed by: — Charles Darwin
23. A pathogen is an organism that causes: — Disease
24. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease? — Cancer
25. Which mineral is crucial for the formation of strong bones and teeth? — Calcium
26. In biological classification, the hierarchy from broadest to most specific is generally: — Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
27. The process of breaking down food into simpler substances that can be absorbed by the body is called: — Digestion
28. Which cellular component is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris? — Lysosome
29. Which part of the cell is responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy? — Mitochondrion
30. Which of the following is the broadest taxonomic rank used in the classification of living organisms? — Kingdom
31. According to Linnaean taxonomy, the most specific rank below 'Class' is: — Order
32. In the biological classification system, the rank below Kingdom is: — Phylum
33. The study of the structure and function of the human body is known as: — Physiology
34. The study of inherited traits and heredity is called: — Genetics
35. Which kingdom includes multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic and have cell walls made of chitin? — Fungi
36. Which of the following is a parasitic disease? — Malaria
37. Which of the following is a characteristic of animals? — Eukaryotic cells
38. The cell membrane is primarily composed of a: — Lipid bilayer
39. Which macronutrient is primarily responsible for providing energy to the body? — Carbohydrates
40. Which kingdom is characterized by unicellular, prokaryotic organisms? — Archaea
41. The process of synthesizing proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA) is called: — Translation
42. The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigment is called: — Photosynthesis
43. Which process involves the intake of nutrients by cells? — Absorption
44. The taxonomic rank 'Genus' is immediately below which rank? — Family
45. Which of the following is a source of essential fatty acids? — Vegetable oil
46. DNA carries genetic information in the sequence of its: — Nitrogenous bases
47. What are the structures within a cell that perform specific functions, like the nucleus or mitochondria? — Organelles
48. The process by which a cell makes a copy of its DNA before cell division is called: — Replication
49. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? — Vitamin K
50. Which vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy? — Vitamin C
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