Main concepts of life science classification of living organisms evolution genetics physiology nutrition health hygiene and human diseases. - Question Bank

1. Which of the following is a parasitic disease?
A) Poliomyelitis
B) Influenza
C) Malaria
D) Diphtheria
2. Good hygiene practices help to prevent the spread of:
A) Genetic disorders
B) Allergies
C) Infectious diseases
D) Nutritional deficiencies
3. Which of the following is a good source of fiber?
A) White bread
B) Processed cheese
C) Whole grains
D) Sugary cereals
4. Which process involves the intake of nutrients by cells?
A) Secretion
B) Absorption
C) Excretion
D) Synthesis
5. The cell membrane is primarily composed of a:
A) Protein bilayer
B) Carbohydrate layer
C) Lipid bilayer
D) Nucleic acid layer
6. DNA carries genetic information in the sequence of its:
A) Sugar molecules
B) Phosphate groups
C) Nitrogenous bases
D) Hydrogen bonds
7. Homologous structures in different species suggest:
A) Convergent evolution
B) Analogous evolution
C) A common ancestor
D) Independent development
8. Which kingdom is characterized by unicellular, prokaryotic organisms?
A) Protista
B) Fungi
C) Archaea
D) Plantae
9. In biological classification, the hierarchy from broadest to most specific is generally:
A) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
B) Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
C) Kingdom, Order, Class, Phylum, Family, Genus, Species
D) Phylum, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
10. The study of inherited traits and heredity is called:
A) Physiology
B) Genetics
C) Ecology
D) Zoology
11. Which of the following is a bacterial disease?
A) Chickenpox
B) Measles
C) Pneumonia
D) Hepatitis
12. A pathogen is an organism that causes:
A) Immunity
B) Disease
C) Digestion
D) Growth
13. Which vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy?
A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
14. Which nutrient group is essential for building and repairing tissues?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Vitamins
15. The process of breaking down food into simpler substances that can be absorbed by the body is called:
A) Metabolism
B) Digestion
C) Respiration
D) Circulation
16. Which cellular component is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris?
A) Nucleolus
B) Centriole
C) Lysosome
D) Peroxisome
17. The process of synthesizing proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA) is called:
A) Replication
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Mutation
18. Fossils provide evidence for evolution by showing:
A) Genetic mutations
B) Reproductive isolation
C) Changes in organisms over geological time
D) Natural selection in action
19. Which of the following is a characteristic of animals?
A) Presence of a cell wall
B) Ability to photosynthesize
C) Eukaryotic cells
D) Autotrophic nutrition
20. The taxonomic rank 'Genus' is immediately below which rank?
A) Species
B) Family
C) Order
D) Class
21. The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is called:
A) Genetics
B) Ecology
C) Physiology
D) Zoology
22. Which of the following is a viral disease?
A) Cholera
B) Tetanus
C) Dengue fever
D) Typhoid
23. A disease transmitted from animals to humans is termed:
A) Endemic
B) Epidemic
C) Pandemic
D) Zoonotic
24. Which mineral is crucial for the formation of strong bones and teeth?
A) Iron
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Sodium
25. Which of the following is a source of essential fatty acids?
A) Sugar
B) Vegetable oil
C) Water
D) Salt
26. The process by which organisms absorb nutrients from their environment is called:
A) Digestion
B) Assimilation
C) Excretion
D) Respiration
27. What are the structures within a cell that perform specific functions, like the nucleus or mitochondria?
A) Tissues
B) Organelles
C) Organs
D) Systems
28. The process by which a cell makes a copy of its DNA before cell division is called:
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Replication
D) Mutation
29. The gradual change in the inherited traits of a population over many generations is known as:
A) Adaptation
B) Speciation
C) Evolution
D) Genetic variation
30. Which kingdom includes multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic and have cell walls made of chitin?
A) Plantae
B) Animalia
C) Fungi
D) Protista
31. In the biological classification system, the rank below Kingdom is:
A) Phylum
B) Class
C) Order
D) Family
32. The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts is called:
A) Ecology
B) Physiology
C) Genetics
D) Botany
33. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?
A) Influenza
B) Tuberculosis
C) Cancer
D) Malaria
34. A disease caused by a deficiency of iodine is:
A) Anemia
B) Scurvy
C) Goiter
D) Rickets
35. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
36. Proteins are made up of smaller units called:
A) Fatty acids
B) Amino acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Monosaccharides
37. The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is:
A) Building and repairing tissues
B) Providing energy
C) Regulating body processes
D) Transporting oxygen
38. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Ribosome
D) Vacuole
39. During cell division, the process where the nucleus divides into two identical daughter nuclei is called:
A) Cytokinesis
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Interphase
40. A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or functional RNA molecule is called a:
A) Chromosome
B) Nucleotide
C) Gene
D) Genome
41. The theory of evolution by natural selection was primarily proposed by:
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Charles Darwin
C) Louis Pasteur
D) James Watson
42. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?
A) Fungus
B) Algae
C) Bacteria
D) Virus
43. According to Linnaean taxonomy, the most specific rank below 'Class' is:
A) Phylum
B) Order
C) Family
D) Genus
44. The study of the structure and function of the human body is known as:
A) Physiology
B) Anatomy
C) Biochemistry
D) Microbiology
45. Which of the following is a communicable disease?
A) Diabetes
B) Hypertension
C) Common cold
D) Arthritis
46. A balanced diet should include adequate amounts of all the following, except:
A) Vitamins
B) Minerals
C) Fiber
D) Excessive saturated fats
47. Which macronutrient is primarily responsible for providing energy to the body?
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Vitamins
D) Minerals
48. The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigment is called:
A) Respiration
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Fermentation
49. Which part of the cell is responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
50. What is the basic unit of heredity that is passed from parents to offspring?
A) Cell
B) Chromosome
C) Gene
D) Allele