TNPSC Group 4 - Main concepts of life science classification of living organisms evolution genetics physiology nutrition health hygiene and human diseases. Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. Which of the following is the broadest taxonomic rank used in the classification of living organisms?

A) Order B) Family C) Kingdom D) Genus

2. The process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully is known as:

A) Genetic drift B) Natural selection C) Artificial selection D) Mutation

3. What is the basic unit of heredity that is passed from parents to offspring?

A) Cell B) Chromosome C) Gene D) Allele

4. Which part of the cell is responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy?

A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Mitochondrion D) Endoplasmic reticulum

5. The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigment is called:

A) Respiration B) Transpiration C) Photosynthesis D) Fermentation

6. Which macronutrient is primarily responsible for providing energy to the body?

A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Vitamins D) Minerals

7. A balanced diet should include adequate amounts of all the following, except:

A) Vitamins B) Minerals C) Fiber D) Excessive saturated fats

8. Which of the following is a communicable disease?

A) Diabetes B) Hypertension C) Common cold D) Arthritis

9. The study of the structure and function of the human body is known as:

A) Physiology B) Anatomy C) Biochemistry D) Microbiology

10. According to Linnaean taxonomy, the most specific rank below 'Class' is:

A) Phylum B) Order C) Family D) Genus

11. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?

A) Fungus B) Algae C) Bacteria D) Virus

12. The theory of evolution by natural selection was primarily proposed by:

A) Gregor Mendel B) Charles Darwin C) Louis Pasteur D) James Watson

13. A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or functional RNA molecule is called a:

A) Chromosome B) Nucleotide C) Gene D) Genome

14. During cell division, the process where the nucleus divides into two identical daughter nuclei is called:

A) Cytokinesis B) Mitosis C) Meiosis D) Interphase

15. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Ribosome D) Vacuole

16. The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is:

A) Building and repairing tissues B) Providing energy C) Regulating body processes D) Transporting oxygen

17. Proteins are made up of smaller units called:

A) Fatty acids B) Amino acids C) Nucleotides D) Monosaccharides

18. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin K

19. A disease caused by a deficiency of iodine is:

A) Anemia B) Scurvy C) Goiter D) Rickets

20. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?

A) Influenza B) Tuberculosis C) Cancer D) Malaria

21. The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts is called:

A) Ecology B) Physiology C) Genetics D) Botany

22. In the biological classification system, the rank below Kingdom is:

A) Phylum B) Class C) Order D) Family

23. Which kingdom includes multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic and have cell walls made of chitin?

A) Plantae B) Animalia C) Fungi D) Protista

24. The gradual change in the inherited traits of a population over many generations is known as:

A) Adaptation B) Speciation C) Evolution D) Genetic variation

25. The process by which a cell makes a copy of its DNA before cell division is called:

A) Transcription B) Translation C) Replication D) Mutation

26. What are the structures within a cell that perform specific functions, like the nucleus or mitochondria?

A) Tissues B) Organelles C) Organs D) Systems

27. The process by which organisms absorb nutrients from their environment is called:

A) Digestion B) Assimilation C) Excretion D) Respiration

28. Which of the following is a source of essential fatty acids?

A) Sugar B) Vegetable oil C) Water D) Salt

29. Which mineral is crucial for the formation of strong bones and teeth?

A) Iron B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Sodium

30. A disease transmitted from animals to humans is termed:

A) Endemic B) Epidemic C) Pandemic D) Zoonotic

31. Which of the following is a viral disease?

A) Cholera B) Tetanus C) Dengue fever D) Typhoid

32. The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is called:

A) Genetics B) Ecology C) Physiology D) Zoology

33. The taxonomic rank 'Genus' is immediately below which rank?

A) Species B) Family C) Order D) Class

34. Which of the following is a characteristic of animals?

A) Presence of a cell wall B) Ability to photosynthesize C) Eukaryotic cells D) Autotrophic nutrition

35. Fossils provide evidence for evolution by showing:

A) Genetic mutations B) Reproductive isolation C) Changes in organisms over geological time D) Natural selection in action

36. The process of synthesizing proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA) is called:

A) Replication B) Transcription C) Translation D) Mutation

37. Which cellular component is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris?

A) Nucleolus B) Centriole C) Lysosome D) Peroxisome

38. The process of breaking down food into simpler substances that can be absorbed by the body is called:

A) Metabolism B) Digestion C) Respiration D) Circulation

39. Which nutrient group is essential for building and repairing tissues?

A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Proteins D) Vitamins

40. Which vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy?

A) Vitamin D B) Vitamin B12 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin K

41. A pathogen is an organism that causes:

A) Immunity B) Disease C) Digestion D) Growth

42. Which of the following is a bacterial disease?

A) Chickenpox B) Measles C) Pneumonia D) Hepatitis

43. The study of inherited traits and heredity is called:

A) Physiology B) Genetics C) Ecology D) Zoology

44. In biological classification, the hierarchy from broadest to most specific is generally:

A) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species B) Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom C) Kingdom, Order, Class, Phylum, Family, Genus, Species D) Phylum, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

45. Which kingdom is characterized by unicellular, prokaryotic organisms?

A) Protista B) Fungi C) Archaea D) Plantae

46. Homologous structures in different species suggest:

A) Convergent evolution B) Analogous evolution C) A common ancestor D) Independent development

47. DNA carries genetic information in the sequence of its:

A) Sugar molecules B) Phosphate groups C) Nitrogenous bases D) Hydrogen bonds

48. The cell membrane is primarily composed of a:

A) Protein bilayer B) Carbohydrate layer C) Lipid bilayer D) Nucleic acid layer

49. Which process involves the intake of nutrients by cells?

A) Secretion B) Absorption C) Excretion D) Synthesis

50. Which of the following is a good source of fiber?

A) White bread B) Processed cheese C) Whole grains D) Sugary cereals

Main concepts of life science classification of living organisms evolution genetics physiology nutrition health hygiene and human diseases. - Online Test

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