Membrane structure and transport-diffusion osmosis active transport endocytosis exocytosis - One Line Questions

1. The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as: — A fluid structure with a mosaic of proteins
2. The movement of a substance across a membrane down its concentration gradient without the help of membrane proteins is called: — Simple diffusion
3. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is known as: — Osmosis
4. The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is the definition of: — Diffusion
5. Which of the following is a passive process that involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane? — Osmosis
6. The net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential is: — Osmosis
7. Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of substances across a membrane with the help of: — Carrier proteins or channel proteins
8. What is the driving force for simple diffusion? — Concentration gradient
9. What drives the process of osmosis? — A difference in solute concentration
10. Which molecule is the primary structural component of the cell membrane's bilayer? — Phospholipid
11. The fluidity of the cell membrane is influenced by the type of fatty acid tails in the phospholipids. Unsaturated fatty acids, with their kinks, tend to: — Increase fluidity
12. Which process involves the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to release its contents outside the cell? — Exocytosis
13. The release of neurotransmitters from a neuron is an example of: — Exocytosis
14. The process by which cells remove waste products or secrete proteins is: — Exocytosis
15. What is the primary function of the glycocalyx, often found on the outer surface of animal cell membranes? — Cell recognition and adhesion
16. What type of protein facilitates the movement of specific molecules that cannot easily cross the lipid bilayer on their own, without expending energy? — Channel protein or carrier protein
17. What is the process by which cells engulf large particles or other cells? — Phagocytosis
18. During phagocytosis, the cell membrane extends to engulf a solid particle, forming a vesicle. This is an example of: — Endocytosis
19. The movement of ions like Na+ and K+ against their electrochemical gradients by the Na+/K+-ATPase pump is a classic example of: — Primary active transport
20. According to the fluid mosaic model, membrane proteins are: — Able to move laterally within the lipid bilayer
21. The cell membrane's ability to regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell is known as: — Selective permeability
22. Which substance can readily diffuse across the cell membrane without the help of transport proteins? — Oxygen
23. What is the term for a solution that has a lower solute concentration than the cell's cytoplasm? — Hypotonic
24. A cell placed in a solution with the same solute concentration as its cytoplasm is in a(n) ______ solution. — Isotonic
25. Which component of the cell membrane primarily determines its fluidity? — Phospholipids
26. When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the net movement of water across the membrane is: — Zero
27. What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypotonic solution? — It becomes turgid
28. Integral membrane proteins are: — Embedded within or span across the lipid bilayer
29. Which of the following is an example of active transport? — Sodium-Potassium pump maintaining ion gradients
30. The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium ions (K+) into the cell. This is an example of: — Active transport
31. The process by which a cell engulfs extracellular fluid and dissolved small molecules is called: — Pinocytosis
32. Endocytosis that involves the uptake of specific molecules bound to receptors on the cell surface is called: — Receptor-mediated endocytosis
33. What is the fundamental structural unit of all biological membranes? — Phospholipid bilayer
34. Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for cell-cell recognition and acting as receptors for signaling molecules? — Proteins
35. The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient, coupled with the movement of another substance down its concentration gradient, is known as: — Secondary active transport
36. The lipid bilayer is primarily composed of: — Phospholipids
37. Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion? — Is saturable due to limited number of transporters
38. Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP? — Active transport
39. Channel proteins that allow the passage of specific ions or small molecules across the membrane are characteristic of: — Facilitated diffusion
40. Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires both a carrier protein and energy? — Active transport
41. A carrier protein that binds to a specific solute and undergoes a conformational change to transport it across the membrane is involved in: — Facilitated diffusion or active transport
42. A cell is actively taking up glucose from the bloodstream, even though the glucose concentration is higher inside the cell. This process is likely: — Active transport
43. Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis that involves the uptake of: — Fluid and dissolved solutes
44. Peripheral membrane proteins: — Are loosely bound to the surface of the membrane
45. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will: — Shrink and shrivel
46. What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on an animal cell? — The cell swells and may burst
47. Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins? — DNA replication
48. What is the role of aquaporins in cell membranes? — Facilitating rapid water movement
49. Which of the following best describes the property of the cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through more easily than others? — Selective permeability
50. A cell has a higher concentration of solutes inside than outside. If placed in pure water, what will happen? — Water will move into the cell
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