NEET UG - Membrane structure and transport-diffusion osmosis active transport endocytosis exocytosis Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. What is the fundamental structural unit of all biological membranes?

A) Phospholipid bilayer B) Protein molecules C) Cholesterol D) Glycocalyx

2. According to the fluid mosaic model, membrane proteins are:

A) Fixed in specific positions B) Able to move laterally within the lipid bilayer C) Completely embedded within the bilayer D) Attached only to the outer surface

3. Which component of the cell membrane primarily determines its fluidity?

A) Integral proteins B) Peripheral proteins C) Cholesterol D) Phospholipids

4. The movement of a substance across a membrane down its concentration gradient without the help of membrane proteins is called:

A) Active transport B) Facilitated diffusion C) Simple diffusion D) Osmosis

5. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is known as:

A) Active transport B) Facilitated diffusion C) Osmosis D) Endocytosis

6. What drives the process of osmosis?

A) ATP hydrolysis B) A difference in solute concentration C) The movement of ions D) Pressure gradients

7. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

A) Swell and burst B) Shrink and shrivel C) Remain unchanged D) Take in water rapidly

8. What is the term for a solution that has a lower solute concentration than the cell's cytoplasm?

A) Hypertonic B) Isotonic C) Hypotonic D) Plasmolyzed

9. Which type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP?

A) Simple diffusion B) Facilitated diffusion C) Active transport D) Osmosis

10. Which of the following is an example of active transport?

A) Oxygen moving into a cell B) Glucose moving into a cell via GLUT transporters C) Sodium-Potassium pump maintaining ion gradients D) Water moving into a root hair cell

11. Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of substances across a membrane with the help of:

A) ATP B) Carrier proteins or channel proteins C) High hydrostatic pressure D) Concentration gradients alone

12. Channel proteins that allow the passage of specific ions or small molecules across the membrane are characteristic of:

A) Simple diffusion B) Active transport C) Facilitated diffusion D) Endocytosis

13. What is the process by which cells engulf large particles or other cells?

A) Exocytosis B) Pinocytosis C) Phagocytosis D) Transcytosis

14. Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis that involves the uptake of:

A) Solid particles B) Fluid and dissolved solutes C) Whole cells D) Molecules against their concentration gradient

15. Which process involves the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to release its contents outside the cell?

A) Endocytosis B) Pinocytosis C) Phagocytosis D) Exocytosis

16. The release of neurotransmitters from a neuron is an example of:

A) Endocytosis B) Osmosis C) Exocytosis D) Simple diffusion

17. The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium ions (K+) into the cell. This is an example of:

A) Passive transport B) Facilitated diffusion C) Active transport D) Osmosis

18. What is the role of aquaporins in cell membranes?

A) Transporting glucose B) Facilitating rapid water movement C) Pumping ions against their gradient D) Transporting large proteins

19. A cell has a higher concentration of solutes inside than outside. If placed in pure water, what will happen?

A) Water will move out of the cell B) Water will move into the cell C) Solutes will move out of the cell D) The cell will remain unchanged

20. The lipid bilayer is primarily composed of:

A) Proteins and carbohydrates B) Fatty acids and glycerol C) Phospholipids D) Steroids and waxes

21. Integral membrane proteins are:

A) Loosely associated with the membrane surface B) Completely outside the lipid bilayer C) Embedded within or span across the lipid bilayer D) Attached to the cytoskeleton

22. Peripheral membrane proteins:

A) Span the entire lipid bilayer B) Are only found in the nucleus C) Are loosely bound to the surface of the membrane D) Act as channels for ion movement

23. Which of the following best describes the property of the cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through more easily than others?

A) Uniform permeability B) Impermeability C) Selective permeability D) Rigidity

24. What is the primary function of the glycocalyx, often found on the outer surface of animal cell membranes?

A) Energy production B) Cell recognition and adhesion C) DNA replication D) Protein synthesis

25. When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the net movement of water across the membrane is:

A) Into the cell B) Out of the cell C) Zero D) Rapid and bidirectional

26. What is the driving force for simple diffusion?

A) ATP energy B) Membrane proteins C) Concentration gradient D) Electrical potential

27. The process by which a cell engulfs extracellular fluid and dissolved small molecules is called:

A) Phagocytosis B) Pinocytosis C) Exocytosis D) Autophagy

28. Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires both a carrier protein and energy?

A) Simple diffusion B) Facilitated diffusion C) Passive transport D) Active transport

29. A carrier protein that binds to a specific solute and undergoes a conformational change to transport it across the membrane is involved in:

A) Simple diffusion B) Facilitated diffusion or active transport C) Osmosis D) Bulk flow

30. What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?

A) It shrinks (plasmolysis) B) It becomes turgid C) It bursts D) It remains unchanged

31. The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is the definition of:

A) Active transport B) Diffusion C) Endocytosis D) Osmosis

32. Which molecule is the primary structural component of the cell membrane's bilayer?

A) Cholesterol B) Glycoprotein C) Phospholipid D) Integral protein

33. The fluidity of the cell membrane is influenced by the type of fatty acid tails in the phospholipids. Unsaturated fatty acids, with their kinks, tend to:

A) Decrease fluidity B) Increase fluidity C) Have no effect on fluidity D) Solidify the membrane

34. Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

A) Requires metabolic energy B) Moves substances against their concentration gradient C) Is saturable due to limited number of transporters D) Does not involve membrane proteins

35. The process by which cells remove waste products or secrete proteins is:

A) Endocytosis B) Pinocytosis C) Exocytosis D) Phagocytosis

36. A cell is actively taking up glucose from the bloodstream, even though the glucose concentration is higher inside the cell. This process is likely:

A) Simple diffusion B) Facilitated diffusion C) Osmosis D) Active transport

37. What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on an animal cell?

A) The cell shrinks B) The cell swells and may burst C) The cell remains the same size D) Water moves out of the cell

38. Which of the following is a passive process that involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

A) Active transport B) Diffusion C) Osmosis D) Endocytosis

39. What type of protein facilitates the movement of specific molecules that cannot easily cross the lipid bilayer on their own, without expending energy?

A) Enzyme protein B) Receptor protein C) Channel protein or carrier protein D) Structural protein

40. The cell membrane's ability to regulate the passage of substances into and out of the cell is known as:

A) Fluidity B) Permeability C) Selective permeability D) Integrality

41. Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for cell-cell recognition and acting as receptors for signaling molecules?

A) Phospholipids B) Cholesterol C) Proteins D) Carbohydrates (glycocalyx)

42. During phagocytosis, the cell membrane extends to engulf a solid particle, forming a vesicle. This is an example of:

A) Exocytosis B) Endocytosis C) Osmosis D) Simple diffusion

43. The movement of ions like Na+ and K+ against their electrochemical gradients by the Na+/K+-ATPase pump is a classic example of:

A) Facilitated diffusion B) Passive transport C) Primary active transport D) Secondary active transport

44. Which substance can readily diffuse across the cell membrane without the help of transport proteins?

A) Glucose B) Ions C) Water D) Oxygen

45. The net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential is:

A) Active transport B) Diffusion C) Osmosis D) Facilitated diffusion

46. A cell placed in a solution with the same solute concentration as its cytoplasm is in a(n) ______ solution.

A) Hypertonic B) Hypotonic C) Isotonic D) Atonic

47. The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as:

A) A rigid, static structure B) A fluid structure with a mosaic of proteins C) A solid layer of lipids D) A porous network of carbohydrates

48. Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

A) Transport of substances B) Enzymatic activity C) Signal transduction D) DNA replication

49. Endocytosis that involves the uptake of specific molecules bound to receptors on the cell surface is called:

A) Phagocytosis B) Pinocytosis C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis D) Exocytosis

50. The movement of a substance against its concentration gradient, coupled with the movement of another substance down its concentration gradient, is known as:

A) Primary active transport B) Secondary active transport C) Facilitated diffusion D) Simple diffusion

Membrane structure and transport-diffusion osmosis active transport endocytosis exocytosis - Online Test

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