TRB BT Assistant - Biomolecules and Polymers Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

A) Energy storage and structural components B) Catalysis of biochemical reactions C) Transport of genetic information D) Insulation and protection of organs

2. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

A) Sucrose B) Lactose C) Fructose D) Starch

3. What type of bond links monosaccharides together to form polysaccharides?

A) Peptide bond B) Phosphodiester bond C) Glycosidic bond D) Hydrogen bond

4. Which polysaccharide serves as the primary energy storage molecule in plants?

A) Glycogen B) Cellulose C) Chitin D) Starch

5. What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?

A) Amylose B) Cellulose C) Lignin D) Pectin

6. Proteins are polymers made up of which type of monomer?

A) Monosaccharides B) Fatty acids C) Nucleotides D) Amino acids

7. What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein chain?

A) Glycosidic bond B) Peptide bond C) Ester bond D) Ionic bond

8. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is known as its:

A) Secondary structure B) Tertiary structure C) Quaternary structure D) Primary structure

9. Alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets are examples of which level of protein structure?

A) Primary structure B) Secondary structure C) Tertiary structure D) Quaternary structure

10. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

A) Enzymatic catalysis B) Hormonal regulation C) Genetic material storage D) Structural support

11. Lipids are a diverse group of molecules characterized by their:

A) Solubility in water B) Hydrophobic nature C) Presence of peptide bonds D) Linear arrangement of monomers

12. Which type of lipid forms the basic structure of cell membranes?

A) Triglycerides B) Steroids C) Phospholipids D) Waxes

13. Fats and oils are typically composed of glycerol and:

A) Amino acids B) Fatty acids C) Nucleotides D) Monosaccharides

14. A saturated fatty acid has:

A) One or more double bonds between carbon atoms B) No double bonds between carbon atoms C) A phosphate group attached D) A glycerol backbone

15. Cholesterol is a type of:

A) Phospholipid B) Carbohydrate C) Steroid D) Protein

16. Nucleic acids are polymers composed of monomers called:

A) Amino acids B) Fatty acids C) Nucleotides D) Monosaccharides

17. Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?

A) A phosphate group B) A nitrogenous base C) A pentose sugar D) A fatty acid

18. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) contains which sugar?

A) Ribose B) Deoxyribose C) Glucose D) Fructose

19. RNA (Ribonucleic acid) typically exists as a:

A) Double helix B) Single strand C) Triple helix D) Branched chain

20. Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

A) Adenine B) Guanine C) Cytosine D) Thymine

21. What is the primary role of nucleic acids in cells?

A) Energy storage B) Enzymatic activity C) Hereditary information storage and transfer D) Cellular structure

22. Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small quantities for normal metabolism. They are classified as:

A) Macronutrients B) Micronutrients C) Polymers D) Monosaccharides

23. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin C B) Thiamine (B1) C) Vitamin D D) Folic acid (B9)

24. Vitamin C is also known as:

A) Retinol B) Ascorbic acid C) Calciferol D) Tocopherol

25. Enzymes are primarily which type of biomolecule?

A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Nucleic acids D) Proteins

26. What is the role of enzymes in biological systems?

A) Store genetic information B) Transport oxygen C) Catalyze biochemical reactions D) Provide structural support

27. The active site of an enzyme is where:

A) The enzyme binds to ATP B) The substrate binds and catalysis occurs C) The enzyme is synthesized D) The enzyme is degraded

28. A substance that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity is called a(n):

A) Activator B) Cofactor C) Inhibitor D) Substrate

29. Which type of lipid is characterized by a four-ring structure?

A) Triglyceride B) Phospholipid C) Steroid D) Fatty acid

30. The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones is called:

A) Anabolism B) Catabolism C) Metabolism D) Synthesis

31. What is the main function of glycogen in animals?

A) Structural component of cell membranes B) Energy storage in the liver and muscles C) Carrier of genetic information D) Catalyst for metabolic reactions

32. The sequence of nucleotides in a gene determines the sequence of:

A) Amino acids in a protein B) Fatty acids in a lipid C) Monosaccharides in a polysaccharide D) Sugars in a nucleotide

33. A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units called:

A) Monomers B) Oligomers C) Polypeptides D) Isomers

34. Which of the following is a disaccharide?

A) Glucose B) Fructose C) Sucrose D) Starch

35. The characteristic 'wavy' or 'folded' structure of proteins, like beta-pleated sheets, is an example of:

A) Primary structure B) Secondary structure C) Tertiary structure D) Quaternary structure

36. Denaturation of a protein involves the disruption of its:

A) Primary structure only B) Secondary and tertiary structures C) Amino acid sequence D) Nucleotide sequence

37. Which element is crucial for the structure of proteins and is found in the amino acid cysteine?

A) Nitrogen B) Sulfur C) Phosphorus D) Oxygen

38. A triglyceride molecule consists of one molecule of glycerol and:

A) Two fatty acids B) Three fatty acids C) Four fatty acids D) One amino acid

39. The 'fluid mosaic model' describes the structure of:

A) DNA B) Proteins C) Cell membranes D) Polysaccharides

40. Which base pairing is correct in DNA?

A) Adenine with Guanine, Cytosine with Thymine B) Adenine with Cytosine, Guanine with Thymine C) Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine D) Adenine with Adenine, Thymine with Thymine

41. The process of joining monomers to form a polymer is typically achieved through:

A) Hydrolysis B) Dehydration synthesis (condensation) C) Oxidation D) Reduction

42. What is the primary function of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) in cells?

A) Storing genetic information B) Transporting energy C) Building structural components D) Catalyzing reactions

43. Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for structural purposes in fungi and arthropods?

A) Cellulose B) Starch C) Chitin D) Glycogen

44. A polypeptide chain folding into a specific three-dimensional shape is referred to as its:

A) Primary structure B) Secondary structure C) Tertiary structure D) Quaternary structure

45. The bond that links fatty acids to glycerol in a triglyceride is a(n):

A) Peptide bond B) Glycosidic bond C) Ester bond D) Phosphodiester bond

46. Water-soluble vitamins are also known as:

A) Fat-soluble vitamins B) B vitamins and Vitamin C C) Minerals D) Antioxidants

47. Which biomolecule class includes hormones like estrogen and testosterone?

A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids (Steroids) C) Proteins D) Nucleic Acids

48. The genetic code is stored in which type of biomolecule?

A) Proteins B) Lipids C) Carbohydrates D) Nucleic Acids (DNA)

49. A molecule that is a polymer of glucose, used for energy storage in animals, is:

A) Cellulose B) Chitin C) Glycogen D) Starch

50. What is the basic repeating unit of polyethylene, a common synthetic polymer?

A) Ethylene B) Propylene C) Styrene D) Vinyl chloride

Biomolecules and Polymers - Online Test

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