Biomolecules and Polymers - Question Bank

1. Which of the following is NOT a polymer?
A) Protein
B) DNA
C) Glucose
D) Cellulose
2. What is the basic repeating unit of polyethylene, a common synthetic polymer?
A) Ethylene
B) Propylene
C) Styrene
D) Vinyl chloride
3. A molecule that is a polymer of glucose, used for energy storage in animals, is:
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) Glycogen
D) Starch
4. The genetic code is stored in which type of biomolecule?
A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Nucleic Acids (DNA)
5. Which biomolecule class includes hormones like estrogen and testosterone?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids (Steroids)
C) Proteins
D) Nucleic Acids
6. Water-soluble vitamins are also known as:
A) Fat-soluble vitamins
B) B vitamins and Vitamin C
C) Minerals
D) Antioxidants
7. The bond that links fatty acids to glycerol in a triglyceride is a(n):
A) Peptide bond
B) Glycosidic bond
C) Ester bond
D) Phosphodiester bond
8. A polypeptide chain folding into a specific three-dimensional shape is referred to as its:
A) Primary structure
B) Secondary structure
C) Tertiary structure
D) Quaternary structure
9. Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for structural purposes in fungi and arthropods?
A) Cellulose
B) Starch
C) Chitin
D) Glycogen
10. What is the primary function of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) in cells?
A) Storing genetic information
B) Transporting energy
C) Building structural components
D) Catalyzing reactions
11. The process of joining monomers to form a polymer is typically achieved through:
A) Hydrolysis
B) Dehydration synthesis (condensation)
C) Oxidation
D) Reduction
12. Which base pairing is correct in DNA?
A) Adenine with Guanine, Cytosine with Thymine
B) Adenine with Cytosine, Guanine with Thymine
C) Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine
D) Adenine with Adenine, Thymine with Thymine
13. The 'fluid mosaic model' describes the structure of:
A) DNA
B) Proteins
C) Cell membranes
D) Polysaccharides
14. A triglyceride molecule consists of one molecule of glycerol and:
A) Two fatty acids
B) Three fatty acids
C) Four fatty acids
D) One amino acid
15. Which element is crucial for the structure of proteins and is found in the amino acid cysteine?
A) Nitrogen
B) Sulfur
C) Phosphorus
D) Oxygen
16. Denaturation of a protein involves the disruption of its:
A) Primary structure only
B) Secondary and tertiary structures
C) Amino acid sequence
D) Nucleotide sequence
17. The characteristic 'wavy' or 'folded' structure of proteins, like beta-pleated sheets, is an example of:
A) Primary structure
B) Secondary structure
C) Tertiary structure
D) Quaternary structure
18. Which of the following is a disaccharide?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Sucrose
D) Starch
19. A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units called:
A) Monomers
B) Oligomers
C) Polypeptides
D) Isomers
20. The sequence of nucleotides in a gene determines the sequence of:
A) Amino acids in a protein
B) Fatty acids in a lipid
C) Monosaccharides in a polysaccharide
D) Sugars in a nucleotide
21. What is the main function of glycogen in animals?
A) Structural component of cell membranes
B) Energy storage in the liver and muscles
C) Carrier of genetic information
D) Catalyst for metabolic reactions
22. The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones is called:
A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Metabolism
D) Synthesis
23. Which type of lipid is characterized by a four-ring structure?
A) Triglyceride
B) Phospholipid
C) Steroid
D) Fatty acid
24. A substance that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity is called a(n):
A) Activator
B) Cofactor
C) Inhibitor
D) Substrate
25. The active site of an enzyme is where:
A) The enzyme binds to ATP
B) The substrate binds and catalysis occurs
C) The enzyme is synthesized
D) The enzyme is degraded
26. What is the role of enzymes in biological systems?
A) Store genetic information
B) Transport oxygen
C) Catalyze biochemical reactions
D) Provide structural support
27. Enzymes are primarily which type of biomolecule?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Nucleic acids
D) Proteins
28. Vitamin C is also known as:
A) Retinol
B) Ascorbic acid
C) Calciferol
D) Tocopherol
29. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
A) Vitamin C
B) Thiamine (B1)
C) Vitamin D
D) Folic acid (B9)
30. Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small quantities for normal metabolism. They are classified as:
A) Macronutrients
B) Micronutrients
C) Polymers
D) Monosaccharides
31. What is the primary role of nucleic acids in cells?
A) Energy storage
B) Enzymatic activity
C) Hereditary information storage and transfer
D) Cellular structure
32. Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
A) Adenine
B) Guanine
C) Cytosine
D) Thymine
33. RNA (Ribonucleic acid) typically exists as a:
A) Double helix
B) Single strand
C) Triple helix
D) Branched chain
34. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) contains which sugar?
A) Ribose
B) Deoxyribose
C) Glucose
D) Fructose
35. Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?
A) A phosphate group
B) A nitrogenous base
C) A pentose sugar
D) A fatty acid
36. Nucleic acids are polymers composed of monomers called:
A) Amino acids
B) Fatty acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Monosaccharides
37. Cholesterol is a type of:
A) Phospholipid
B) Carbohydrate
C) Steroid
D) Protein
38. A saturated fatty acid has:
A) One or more double bonds between carbon atoms
B) No double bonds between carbon atoms
C) A phosphate group attached
D) A glycerol backbone
39. Fats and oils are typically composed of glycerol and:
A) Amino acids
B) Fatty acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Monosaccharides
40. Which type of lipid forms the basic structure of cell membranes?
A) Triglycerides
B) Steroids
C) Phospholipids
D) Waxes
41. Lipids are a diverse group of molecules characterized by their:
A) Solubility in water
B) Hydrophobic nature
C) Presence of peptide bonds
D) Linear arrangement of monomers
42. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
A) Enzymatic catalysis
B) Hormonal regulation
C) Genetic material storage
D) Structural support
43. Alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets are examples of which level of protein structure?
A) Primary structure
B) Secondary structure
C) Tertiary structure
D) Quaternary structure
44. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is known as its:
A) Secondary structure
B) Tertiary structure
C) Quaternary structure
D) Primary structure
45. What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein chain?
A) Glycosidic bond
B) Peptide bond
C) Ester bond
D) Ionic bond
46. Proteins are polymers made up of which type of monomer?
A) Monosaccharides
B) Fatty acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Amino acids
47. What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?
A) Amylose
B) Cellulose
C) Lignin
D) Pectin
48. Which polysaccharide serves as the primary energy storage molecule in plants?
A) Glycogen
B) Cellulose
C) Chitin
D) Starch
49. What type of bond links monosaccharides together to form polysaccharides?
A) Peptide bond
B) Phosphodiester bond
C) Glycosidic bond
D) Hydrogen bond
50. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A) Sucrose
B) Lactose
C) Fructose
D) Starch