RRB Assistant Loco Pilot - Cell structure and basic plant biology Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms?

A) Tissue B) Organ C) Cell D) System

2. Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Endoplasmic Reticulum D) Mitochondrion

3. What is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles?

A) Nucleoplasm B) Cytoplasm C) Cell wall D) Vacuole

4. Which structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the animal cell?

A) Cell wall B) Cell membrane C) Nucleus D) Cytoplasm

5. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

A) Energy production B) Protein synthesis C) Waste disposal D) Genetic information storage

6. Which organelle contains the cell's genetic material (DNA)?

A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Nucleus D) Mitochondrion

7. What is the main component of the plant cell wall?

A) Lipids B) Proteins C) Cellulose D) Starch

8. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

A) Mitochondrion B) Chloroplast C) Vacuole D) Nucleus

9. What is the function of the large central vacuole in a mature plant cell?

A) Protein synthesis B) Energy storage C) Maintaining turgor pressure D) DNA replication

10. The network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis within the cytoplasm is called:

A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Endoplasmic Reticulum D) Peroxisome

11. Which cell organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

A) Ribosome B) Nucleus C) Mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus

12. What are the small, membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes called?

A) Vacuoles B) Lysosomes C) Peroxisomes D) Vesicles

13. In plant cells, the process of photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of:

A) ATP B) Glucose C) Lipids D) Amino acids

14. What is the term for the rigid outer layer of a plant cell that provides structural support and protection?

A) Cell membrane B) Cytoplasm C) Cell wall D) Nucleolus

15. Which plant tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant?

A) Phloem B) Epidermis C) Xylem D) Parenchyma

16. The tissue responsible for transporting sugars produced during photosynthesis to other parts of the plant is:

A) Xylem B) Meristem C) Phloem D) Cambium

17. What are cells that are undifferentiated and capable of dividing to form specialized cells called?

A) Differentiated cells B) Permanent cells C) Meristematic cells D) Sclerenchyma cells

18. The outermost layer of cells in a plant stem or root that provides protection is the:

A) Cortex B) Pith C) Epidermis D) Endodermis

19. What is the primary function of root hairs in plants?

A) Photosynthesis B) Absorption of water and minerals C) Reproduction D) Storage of food

20. Which part of a plant is typically responsible for anchoring it in the soil and absorbing water?

A) Stem B) Leaf C) Flower D) Root

21. The process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere, primarily through their leaves, is called:

A) Respiration B) Photosynthesis C) Transpiration D) Absorption

22. What are the small pores on the surface of leaves that regulate gas exchange called?

A) Xylem vessels B) Phloem tubes C) Stomata D) Root hairs

23. Which plant organ is the main site for photosynthesis?

A) Root B) Stem C) Leaf D) Flower

24. What is the pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?

A) Carotene B) Xanthophyll C) Chlorophyll D) Anthocyanin

25. The vascular bundles containing xylem and phloem are found in which part of the plant?

A) Root hairs B) Stomata C) Stem and Leaves D) Petals

26. What is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of somatic cells?

A) Meiosis B) Mitosis C) Fertilization D) Budding

27. Which type of plant cells are typically thin-walled, living at maturity, and involved in storage and photosynthesis?

A) Sclerenchyma B) Collenchyma C) Parenchyma D) Xylem tracheids

28. Cells that provide mechanical support to growing stems and leaves, and are typically elongated with thickened corners, belong to which tissue type?

A) Parenchyma B) Sclerenchyma C) Collenchyma D) Epidermis

29. What are the dead cells with thickened, lignified secondary walls that provide strength and support to mature plant parts?

A) Parenchyma B) Collenchyma C) Sclerenchyma D) Meristematic cells

30. Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for forming the barrier that separates the cell's internal environment from the external environment?

A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Phospholipids D) Cholesterol

31. The semi-fluid matrix found inside the nucleus, containing chromatin and the nucleolus, is called:

A) Cytoplasm B) Nucleoplasm C) Mitochondrial matrix D) Golgi lumen

32. What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

A) DNA replication B) Protein synthesis C) Ribosome synthesis D) Cellular respiration

33. Which plant hormone promotes cell division and growth, particularly in meristematic tissues?

A) Abscisic acid B) Gibberellin C) Cytokinin D) Ethylene

34. Which plant hormone is primarily involved in promoting fruit ripening and senescence?

A) Auxin B) Gibberellin C) Cytokinin D) Ethylene

35. The bending of a plant towards a light source is known as phototropism, primarily mediated by which plant hormone?

A) Gibberellin B) Auxin C) Abscisic acid D) Cytokinin

36. What is the term for the loss of water from plant leaves through the stomata?

A) Guttation B) Evaporation C) Transpiration D) Condensation

37. Which part of the chloroplast is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) Stroma B) Thylakoid membranes C) Outer membrane D) Inner membrane

38. The Calvin cycle, where carbon dioxide is fixed into sugars, occurs in which part of the chloroplast?

A) Thylakoid membranes B) Stroma C) Granum D) Intermembrane space

39. What is the collective term for all the chemical processes that occur within a living cell?

A) Photosynthesis B) Respiration C) Metabolism D) Fermentation

40. The process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the presence of oxygen is called:

A) Photosynthesis B) Anaerobic respiration C) Aerobic respiration D) Fermentation

41. In plant cells, plasmodesmata are channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for:

A) Waste removal only B) Communication and transport C) Energy production D) DNA replication

42. What are the structures within plant cells that store starch granules?

A) Ribosomes B) Amyloplasts C) Chromoplasts D) Leucoplasts

43. Which type of plastid is responsible for storing pigments like carotenoids, giving flowers and fruits their colors?

A) Chloroplast B) Chromoplast C) Leucoplast D) Amyloplast

44. The process of cell growth and differentiation that leads to the formation of specialized tissues and organs is known as:

A) Cellular respiration B) Photosynthesis C) Development D) Transpiration

45. What is the term for the rigid, protective outer layer of a plant cell that is external to the cell membrane?

A) Cytoplasm B) Nucleus C) Cell wall D) Golgi apparatus

46. Which plant tissue is responsible for secondary growth, leading to an increase in the diameter of stems and roots?

A) Primary meristem B) Vascular cambium and cork cambium C) Epidermis D) Parenchyma

47. The ability of a plant cell to retain its shape and volume due to the presence of water pressing against the cell wall is known as:

A) Plasmolysis B) Turgor pressure C) Osmosis D) Diffusion

48. What is the primary function of sieve tubes in the phloem?

A) Water transport B) Structural support C) Transport of sugars D) Storage of starch

49. Which organelle is involved in breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances in plant cells?

A) Lysosome B) Peroxisome C) Vacuole D) Ribosome

50. What is the genetic material found within the nucleus of a plant cell?

A) RNA B) Protein C) DNA D) Lipid

Cell structure and basic plant biology - Online Test

Test Results