Cell structure and basic plant biology - Question Bank
1. Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical plant cell?
2. What is the genetic material found within the nucleus of a plant cell?
3. Which organelle is involved in breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances in plant cells?
4. What is the primary function of sieve tubes in the phloem?
5. The ability of a plant cell to retain its shape and volume due to the presence of water pressing against the cell wall is known as:
6. Which plant tissue is responsible for secondary growth, leading to an increase in the diameter of stems and roots?
7. What is the term for the rigid, protective outer layer of a plant cell that is external to the cell membrane?
8. The process of cell growth and differentiation that leads to the formation of specialized tissues and organs is known as:
9. Which type of plastid is responsible for storing pigments like carotenoids, giving flowers and fruits their colors?
10. What are the structures within plant cells that store starch granules?
11. In plant cells, plasmodesmata are channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for:
12. The process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the presence of oxygen is called:
13. What is the collective term for all the chemical processes that occur within a living cell?
14. The Calvin cycle, where carbon dioxide is fixed into sugars, occurs in which part of the chloroplast?
15. Which part of the chloroplast is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
16. What is the term for the loss of water from plant leaves through the stomata?
17. The bending of a plant towards a light source is known as phototropism, primarily mediated by which plant hormone?
18. Which plant hormone is primarily involved in promoting fruit ripening and senescence?
19. Which plant hormone promotes cell division and growth, particularly in meristematic tissues?
20. What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?
21. The semi-fluid matrix found inside the nucleus, containing chromatin and the nucleolus, is called:
22. Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for forming the barrier that separates the cell's internal environment from the external environment?
23. What are the dead cells with thickened, lignified secondary walls that provide strength and support to mature plant parts?
24. Cells that provide mechanical support to growing stems and leaves, and are typically elongated with thickened corners, belong to which tissue type?
25. Which type of plant cells are typically thin-walled, living at maturity, and involved in storage and photosynthesis?
26. What is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of somatic cells?
27. The vascular bundles containing xylem and phloem are found in which part of the plant?
28. What is the pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?
29. Which plant organ is the main site for photosynthesis?
30. What are the small pores on the surface of leaves that regulate gas exchange called?
31. The process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere, primarily through their leaves, is called:
32. Which part of a plant is typically responsible for anchoring it in the soil and absorbing water?
33. What is the primary function of root hairs in plants?
34. The outermost layer of cells in a plant stem or root that provides protection is the:
35. What are cells that are undifferentiated and capable of dividing to form specialized cells called?
36. The tissue responsible for transporting sugars produced during photosynthesis to other parts of the plant is:
37. Which plant tissue is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant?
38. What is the term for the rigid outer layer of a plant cell that provides structural support and protection?
39. In plant cells, the process of photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of:
40. What are the small, membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes called?
41. Which cell organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?
42. The network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis within the cytoplasm is called:
43. What is the function of the large central vacuole in a mature plant cell?
44. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
45. What is the main component of the plant cell wall?
46. Which organelle contains the cell's genetic material (DNA)?
47. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
48. Which structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the animal cell?
49. What is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles?
50. Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?