TRB PG Assistant - Cellular organization – prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, ultrastructure and functions of organelles Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

A) Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus B) Presence of membrane-bound organelles C) Absence of a cell wall D) Absence of a true nucleus

2. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of:

A) Ribosomes only B) A nucleoid region C) Membrane-bound organelles D) A single circular chromosome

3. What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotes like bacteria?

A) Protein synthesis B) Energy production C) Maintaining cell shape and preventing osmotic lysis D) DNA replication

4. The genetic material in prokaryotes is typically found in a region called the:

A) Nucleolus B) Nucleus C) Nucleoid D) Chromosome

5. Which organelle is responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy?

A) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) Lysosome D) Mitochondrion

6. The powerhouse of the eukaryotic cell is the:

A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Mitochondrion D) Chloroplast

7. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids?

A) Lysosome B) Golgi apparatus C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Vacuole

8. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with which structures, giving it a 'rough' appearance?

A) Lysosomes B) Peroxisomes C) Ribosomes D) Centrioles

9. What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus (or Golgi complex)?

A) DNA replication B) Protein and lipid modification, sorting, and packaging C) ATP synthesis D) Waste breakdown

10. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down waste materials and cellular debris?

A) Vacuole B) Lysosome C) Peroxisome D) Nucleolus

11. The site of cellular respiration and ATP production in eukaryotic cells is the:

A) Nucleus B) Mitochondrion C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus

12. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells and some algae?

A) Mitochondrion B) Chloroplast C) Vacuole D) Lysosome

13. What is the function of ribosomes?

A) Lipid synthesis B) Protein synthesis C) Carbohydrate storage D) DNA packaging

14. Ribosomes are composed of:

A) DNA and proteins B) RNA and lipids C) RNA and proteins D) DNA and lipids

15. Which structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

A) Cell wall B) Cytoplasm C) Plasma membrane D) Nucleus

16. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of a:

A) Single layer of phospholipids B) Double layer of proteins C) Bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins D) Layer of peptidoglycan

17. What is the function of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?

A) To synthesize proteins B) To regulate the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm C) To store genetic information D) To break down waste materials

18. The nucleus contains the cell's:

A) Energy reserves B) Genetic material (DNA) C) Digestive enzymes D) Photosynthetic pigments

19. Which part of the nucleus is primarily involved in ribosome synthesis?

A) Nuclear pore B) Chromatin C) Nucleolus D) Nuclear envelope

20. What are peroxisomes primarily involved in?

A) Protein degradation B) Lipid synthesis C) Detoxification and breakdown of fatty acids D) Cellular respiration

21. In plant cells, a large central vacuole plays a role in:

A) Protein synthesis B) Waste disposal and storage C) Generating ATP D) DNA replication

22. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, providing:

A) A rigid outer boundary B) The site of photosynthesis C) Mechanical support, shape, and movement D) Storage for genetic material

23. Which of the following is NOT typically found in prokaryotic cells?

A) Ribosomes B) Plasma membrane C) Mitochondria D) DNA

24. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells that differentiates them from prokaryotic cells?

A) Presence of a cell membrane B) Presence of ribosomes C) Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus D) Presence of cytoplasm

25. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is primarily involved in:

A) Protein synthesis B) Lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage C) Waste breakdown D) Energy production

26. What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

A) Protein synthesis B) Cell division (formation of spindle fibers) C) Energy storage D) Waste disposal

27. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of steroids and detoxification of drugs and poisons?

A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum C) Lysosome D) Golgi Apparatus

28. The internal fluid-filled space within the mitochondrion is called the:

A) Cristae B) Outer membrane C) Matrix D) Intermembrane space

29. What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?

A) To increase the surface area for ATP synthesis B) To house the mitochondrial DNA C) To store proteins D) To regulate the passage of molecules

30. The stacks of flattened sacs within chloroplasts, where light-dependent reactions occur, are called:

A) Stroma B) Grana C) Thylakoids D) Outer membrane

31. Where do the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis take place within the chloroplast?

A) Thylakoid membrane B) Grana C) Stroma D) Inner membrane

32. Which type of cell lacks a cell wall?

A) Bacterial cell B) Plant cell C) Fungal cell D) Animal cell

33. The 'fluid mosaic model' describes the structure of the:

A) Cell wall B) Nucleus C) Plasma membrane D) Cytoplasm

34. What is the role of the nucleolus?

A) To control cell growth and reproduction B) To synthesize ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assemble ribosomes C) To store genetic information D) To break down cellular waste

35. Which of the following organelles is involved in intracellular digestion and waste removal?

A) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) Lysosome D) Mitochondrion

36. The presence of a cell wall made of peptidoglycan is characteristic of:

A) Animal cells B) Plant cells C) Fungal cells D) Bacterial cells

37. Which of the following is the primary component of the cytoskeleton?

A) Phospholipids B) Proteins C) Carbohydrates D) Nucleic acids

38. The term 'ultrastructure' refers to:

A) The overall shape of a cell B) The detailed internal structure of a cell observable with an electron microscope C) The chemical composition of the cell wall D) The genetic makeup of the cell

39. Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

A) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondrion

40. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into structures called:

A) Plasmids B) Nucleoids C) Chromosomes D) Ribosomes

41. Which component is found in the plasma membrane but not typically in the cell wall of a plant cell?

A) Cellulose B) Proteins C) Phospholipids D) Water

42. The process of breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen is carried out by:

A) Lysosomes B) Vacuoles C) Peroxisomes D) Mitochondria

43. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes?

A) Single, circular DNA molecule B) Located in the cytoplasm C) Composed of DNA and proteins (histones) D) Not membrane-bound

44. The outer boundary of an animal cell is the:

A) Cell wall B) Plasma membrane C) Capsule D) Nuclear envelope

45. Which organelle contains the enzymes necessary for the breakdown of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances?

A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Peroxisome D) Endoplasmic reticulum

46. The term 'cytoplasm' includes the cytosol and the:

A) Nucleus B) Cell wall C) Organelles suspended within it D) Extracellular matrix

47. What is the function of the nuclear pores?

A) To synthesize DNA B) To regulate the transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm C) To anchor the ribosomes D) To maintain the shape of the nucleus

48. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) Mitochondrion B) Ribosome C) Chloroplast D) Nucleus

49. The internal membrane system of eukaryotic cells, involved in synthesis and transport, is the:

A) Plasma membrane B) Nuclear envelope C) Endomembrane system (ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles) D) Mitochondrial membrane

50. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells?

A) Chloroplast B) Ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Mitochondrion

Cellular organization – prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, ultrastructure and functions of organelles - Online Test

Test Results